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- 1.IoTMotivation *
- 1.IoTMotivation.......................3 *
- 1.Weneedtoensurethenameofanetworkelementisissuedbya *
- 102EastMelnitzHall *
- 2.1.Naming *
- 2.1.Naming.........................4 *
- 2.10.Self-Organization *
- 2.10.Self-Organization....................8 *
- 2.11.AdhocandInfrastructureMode *
- 2.11.AdhocandInfrastructureMode.............8 *
- 2.12.OpenAPI *
- 2.12.OpenAPI........................8 *
- 2.2.Scalability *
- 2.2.Scalability.......................4 *
- 2.3.ResourceConstraints *
- 2.3.ResourceConstraints..................5 *
- 2.4.TrafficCharacteristics *
- 2.4.TrafficCharacteristics.................5 *
- 2.5.ContextualCommunication *
- 2.5.ContextualCommunication................6 *
- 2.6.HandlingMobility *
- 2.6.HandlingMobility....................6 *
- 2.7.StorageandCaching *
- 2.7.StorageandCaching...................7 *
- 2.8.SecurityandPrivacy *
- 2.8.SecurityandPrivacy..................7 *
- 2.9.CommunicationReliability *
- 2.9.CommunicationReliability................8 *
- 2.Anintrudermaygainaccessorgatherinformationfroma *
- 2.IoTArchitecturalRequirements *
- 2.IoTArchitecturalRequirements...............4 *
- 2010. *
- 2011. *
- 2012. *
- 2014. *
- 2330CentralExpressway *
- 3.1.SiloIoTArchitecture *
- 3.1.SiloIoTArchitecture..................9 *
- 3.2.1.WeaknessesoftheOverlay-basedApproach *
- 3.2.1.WeaknessesoftheOverlay-basedApproach......10 *
- 3.2.OverlayBasedUnifiedIoTSolutions *
- 3.2.OverlayBasedUnifiedIoTSolutions...........10 *
- 3.Anintrudermaymimicanauthorizeduserornetworkprocess. *
- 3.StateoftheArt *
- 3.StateoftheArt......................9 *
- 4.1-4.6forchallengesassociatedwithenergyefficiencyforICN-IoT. *
- 4.AdvantagesofusingICNforIoT *
- 4.AdvantagesofusingICNforIoT...............12 *
- 4.Anadversarymaymanipulatethemessageexchangeprocess *
- 4QFJ123678ofthemilitarygridreferencesystem *
- 5.1.NamingDevices ,Data,andServices
- 5.1.NamingDevices ,Data,andServices...........13
- 5.10.EnergyEfficiency *
- 5.10.EnergyEfficiency....................22 *
- 5.2.NameResolution *
- 5.2.NameResolution.....................15 *
- 5.3.Caching *
- 5.4.RoutingandForwarding *
- 5.4.RoutingandForwarding.................17 *
- 5.5.ContextualCommunication *
- 5.5.ContextualCommunication................19 *
- 5.6.In-networkComputing *
- 5.6.In-networkComputing..................19 *
- 5.7.SecurityandPrivacy *
- 5.7.SecurityandPrivacy..................20 *
- 5.8.SelfConfiguration *
- 5.8.SelfConfiguration...................21 *
- 5.9.CommunicationsReliability *
- 5.9.CommunicationsReliability...............21 *
- 5.Anintrudermayinsertfake *
- 5.ICNChallengesforIoT *
- 5.ICNChallengesforIoT...................13 *
- 6.1.Homes *
- 6.1.Homes..........................22 *
- 6.2.Enterprise *
- 6.2.Enterprise.......................23 *
- 6.3.SmartGrid *
- 6.3.SmartGrid.......................24 *
- 6.4.Transportation *
- 6.4.Transportation.....................25 *
- 6.5.Healthcare *
- 6.5.Healthcare.......................26 *
- 6.6.Education *
- 6.6.Education........................28 *
- 6.7.Entertainment ,arts,andculture
- 6.7.Entertainment ,arts,andculture............29
- 6.Appendix *
- 6.Appendix..........................22 *
- 671 ,U.S1
- 7.InformativeReferences *
- 7.InformativeReferences...................29 *
- A.Lindren *
- ACM ,JournalofSystemsandSoftware,2014.
- Abstract *
- AkeyconceptofICNistheabilitytonamedataindependentlyfrom *
- AlltheoptimizationsforothercomponentsoftheICN-IoTsystem *
- Alternatively ,namingconventionscouldbeusedtoallowapplications
- AndresLindgren *
- Arecenttrend ,however,istomoveawayfromthisapproach,towards
- Asaresult ,theintrudermayforgesignatures,orimpersonate
- Asaresult ,traditionalsecurity
- Asmoreembeddedmedicaldevices ,ordevicesthatcanmonitorhuman
- AtypicalstandaloneIoTsystemisillustratedinFigure1 ,which
- AunifiedIoTplatformhastosupportinteractionsamongalarge *
- Authors *
- B.Ahlgren *
- Bari70125 *
- BasedontheInternetofThings *
- BelowwelistafewpopularIoTapplications.Weomittheoftenused *
- BengtAhlgren *
- Berlin14195 *
- Box1263 *
- BroadcastEfficiencyinRouterswithIntegratedCaching. *
- CachinginICN-IoTfacesseveralchallenges *
- Camarda ,
- Centraltotheso-called *
- CentricNetworks *
- ChallengesandOpportunities *
- Ciscopredictstherewillbearound50BillionIoTdevicessuchas *
- City. *
- ComManTel ,2013.
- Communications ,2008.
- Communications *
- ComputerCommunicationsWorkshop *
- ComputingandtheInternetofThings *
- Conference *
- ContextualizationthroughmetadatainICNcontrolorapplication *
- Copyright *
- CopyrightNotice *
- December ,2014.
- Dependinguponwhetherthereiscommunicationinfrastructure ,anIoT
- Deploymentofthesmartgrid facesthefollowingissues
- DiPaola ,D.,andG.Boggia,
- DistributionNetwork *
- Duringanetworktransaction ,eitherthedataproducerorthe
- Duringthepastdecade ,manystandaloneInternetofThings
- E.Baccelli *
- ETSI-M2MandoneM2Mstandards *
- Education ,andEntertainmentforcompleteness,asspecificscenarios
- EducationalusesofIoTdeploymentsincludebothlearningaboutthe *
- Email *
- Enterprisebuildingdeployments ,fromuniversitycampuses
- Enterprisesfacethefollowingchallengesthatarehardtoaddress *
- Entertainment ,arts,andcultureapplicationsgenerateavarietyof
- Examplesincludepull ,push,andpublish
- Expires *
- Figure1 *
- Figure2 *
- Forexample ,neighboringcarsmayworktogethertodetectpotential
- Forexample ,letuslookatthefollowingsmarttransportation
- Forexample ,avehiclemaydeterminetoreportitslocationand
- France *
- Furthermore ,namingschemesthathaveselfcertifyingproperties
- FurthermoreconsideringhierarchicalnatureofIoTsystems ,ICN
- G.Wang *
- G.Wang ,
- Gateway *
- GeneralIoTapplicationsinvolvesensing ,processing,andsecure
- GeneralIoTdeploymentsinvolvesheterogeneousIoTsystemsor *
- Gjessing ,
- Globalmobiledatatrafficforecastupdate. *
- Grid *
- GridCommunicationInfrastructures *
- Gruteser ,M.,Trappe,W.,andI.Seskar,
- GuoqiangWang *
- Healthcare facesthefollowingchallengesthatarehardto
- Here ,themainchallengeistokeeptheICNrouterstaterequired
- Homes facesthefollowingchallengesthatarehardto
- However ,thereisafundamentalmismatchbetweenthehost
- However ,extractingcontextualinformationonareal
- However ,theseprotocolsareoperatingatthedevice
- HuaweiTechnologies *
- ICN-IoT.ICN-IoTleveragesthesalientfeaturesofICN ,andthus
- ICNResearchGroupY.Zhang *
- ICNadvocatesthemodeloftrustincontentratherthantrustin *
- ICNandIPrealms .
- ICNcachingmayincreasetheriskthatcacheinconsistencies *
- ICNintegratescontent *
- ICNoffersmanyingredientsforreliablecommunicationsuchasmulti- *
- ICNorIP *
- IEEE *
- IEEE ,EuCNC,2014.
- IEEE ,ICACTE,2008.
- INFOCOM ,2009.
- INRIA *
- Implementingsecurityandprivacymethodsfacesdifferentchallenges *
- In-networkcachinghelpsbringdataclosertoconsumers ,butits
- In-networkcomputingenablesICNrouterstohostheterogeneous *
- Inadditiontothefundamentalchallengeoftrustmanagement ,a
- Increasingnumberofenterprisesareequippedwithsensingand *
- IndustrialControlSystems *
- IndustrialElectronics ,2010.
- Information-CentricNetwork *
- InformationCentricETSI-M2Msystems *
- Innetworkstorageandcaching ,however,hasthefollowing
- Intendedstatus *
- Inter-connectingnumerousIoTentities ,aswellasestablishing
- Interactionsbetweentheapplicationsandobjectsareoftenreal-time *
- Internet *
- Internet ,manyofwhicharecrossingadministrativedomain
- Internet-DraftD.Raychadhuri *
- Internet-DraftICNbasedArchitectureforIoTNovember2015 *
- Internet-Draftsaredraftdocumentsvalidforamaximumofsixmonths *
- Internet-DraftsareworkingdocumentsoftheInternetEngineering *
- InternetofThings *
- InternetthroughthestandardAPIsandIoTapplicationssubscribeand *
- IntroductionandOverview *
- IoT *
- IoT ,sensorsandactuatorsareverycommon,andtheycangenerate
- IoT. *
- IoTapplicationscanbebroadlycategorizedintomissioncriticaland *
- IoTdevicescanbebroadlyclassifiedintotwogroups *
- IoTnetworksrequiringshorterdelayscanbenefitfromlocal *
- IoTplatformasanoverlayontopoftoday *
- IoTrequirementsgenerallyapplicabletomanywellknownscenarios. *
- IoTsystem.Toaddressthismismatch ,weproposetobuildacommon
- IoTtechnologiescancontributeuniquelytoboththeworldwide *
- IoTtechnologiesenabletheinstrumentationofavarietyof *
- IoTtrafficcanbebroadlyclassifiedintolocalareatrafficand *
- Italy *
- J.Burke *
- Jame *
- JeffBurke *
- Kista ,CASE
- KistaSE-16429 *
- Liu ,B.,andQ.Dong,
- LosAngeles ,CA90095
- LuleaSE-97187 *
- LuleaUniversityofTechnology *
- M2Mcommunication ,withintheenterprise,andthusenablemanyIoT
- ManyIoTapplicationsshallrelyoncontextualinformationsuchas *
- Materials ,2012.
- MobilityintheIoTplatformcanmean1 *
- NDNsoftwareforwardinglookupenginebasedonHash *
- Networking *
- Networkmobility *
- NetworkoperatorscanusestandardAPItobuildcommonIOTgateways *
- Nishinaga ,
- NorthBrunswick ,NJ08902
- November2 ,2015
- O.Schelen *
- OlovSchelen *
- Overtheyears ,manystand
- Particularlywithrespecttonameresolutionthesystemshouldbe *
- PatternMonitoringofMovingObjectsinaLarge-Scale *
- PhysicalNetworkingSystems ,2011.
- PolitecnicodiBari *
- PowerconstraintsofIoTdeviceslimithowmuchdatathesedevices *
- ProceedingsoftheIEEESymposiumonComputersand *
- Prof.DipankarRaychadhuri *
- Prof.EmmanuelBaccelli *
- Prof.LuigiAlfredoGrieco *
- Prof.YanyongZhang *
- ProvisionsRelatingtoIETFDocuments *
- PublicResourceNameServicePlatformfortheInternetof *
- Publishing *
- Publishing---- *
- Q. ,Wang,GQ.,andL.Dong,
- R.Ravindran *
- RFID-basedInternet-of-Thingssystemsandservices. *
- Raghavan ,B.,andJ.Wilcox,
- RaspberryPI *
- RavishankarRavindran *
- RequirementsandChallenges *
- RequirementsandChallengesforIoToverICN *
- ResourceconstraintsoftheIoTdevices ,especiallyinpowerand
- Room148 ,Takustrasse9
- RoutinginICN-IoTdiffersfromroutingintraditionalIPnetworksin *
- SE *
- SICSSwedishICT *
- SantaClara ,CA95050
- Section2 *
- SecurityandprivacyiscrucialtoalltheIoTapplications *
- Securityandprivacythusbecomeaseriousconcern ,asdoesthe
- SeveraltypesofIoTapplicationsexists ,wherethegoalisefficient
- Smartcampussystemshavethefollowingspecificrequirementsforthe *
- Smartgridshavethefollowingspecificrequirementsforthe *
- Smarthealthcareapplicationshavethefollowingspecific *
- Smarthomeshavethefollowingspecificrequirementforthe *
- Smarttransportationapplicationshavethefollowingspecific *
- StatusofThisMemo *
- Storageandcachingplaysaverysignificantroledependingonthe *
- StorageconstraintsoftheIoTdeviceslimittheamountofdatathat *
- TableofContents *
- TaskForce *
- TechnicalReport800-82Revision1 ,2013.
- TechnologyofInternetofThings *
- Temporalcontextcanbebroadlycategorizedintotwoclasses ,long
- TheDevelopingTrendsofDigitalCampus *
- TheICNapproachofnameddataandservices *
- TheInternetofThings *
- Theaboveoverlay-basedapproachcanworkwithmanydifferent *
- Thechallengesinsmartenterpriseincludeefficientandsecure *
- ThecurrentapproachtoaunifiedIoTplatformistomakeIoT *
- ThefirststeptowardsrealizingaunifiedIoTplatformisthe *
- Thehome isacomplexecosystemofIoTdevicesandapplications
- ThereareseveraldegreesofmobilityinaunifiedIoTplatform ,
- Therefore ,itisimportanttobeabletolocatetheclosest
- TherehavebeenquiteafewpopularprotocolsforstandaloneIoT *
- Theselocalareacommunicationsofteninvolvedataaggregationand *
- TheunifiedIoTplatformmakesphysicalobjectsaccessibleto *
- TheunifiedIoTplatformneedstodesignacommonprotocolthat *
- TheunifiedIoTplatformshouldbeabletoself-organizetomeet *
- Things *
- ThisInternet-Draftissubmittedinfullconformancewiththe *
- ThisInternet-DraftwillexpireonMay5 ,2016.
- ThisdocumentissubjecttoBCP78andtheIETFTrust *
- ThisdraftdescribesrepresentativeIoTrequirementsandICN *
- Thisenablesintelligentnetworkswhichareself-configurableand *
- Thisisonlypossibleincontextswheretherequestedobjectis *
- Thisnamingmechanismalsoenablesself-configurationoftheIoT *
- ThissectionoutlinessomeoftheICNspecificchallenges that
- Thornton ,J.,andR.Braynard,
- ThoughICNincludesdata-centricsecurityfeaturesthemechanisms *
- ThoughweseemostoftheIoTrequirementscanbemetbyICN ,we
- ThroughtheIoTserver ,applicationscansubscribetodatacollected
- TimeSquareatnoononOct1 ,2013
- Transportation facesthefollowingchallengesthatarehard
- Tschudin ,
- UCLAREMAP *
- USA *
- UrbanIntelligentTransportationSystemBasedonthe *
- Userinterfaceconstraintsrefertowhetherthedeviceisitself *
- VANET-basedsmartparkingschemeforlargeparkinglots *
- ViaOrabona4 *
- VisionsandPotentialsfortheSmartGrid *
- WINLAB ,RutgersUniversity
- Wahlisch ,
- Wearecurrentlywitnessingtheincreasingintegrationofsensors *
- WethendiscusshowthecurrentIPoverlaymodelsfailtomeetthese *
- Whileintendedforinternalvehiclefunctions ,thesecouldalsobe
- WhiletrafficcharacteristicsfordifferentIoTsystemsareexpected *
- Wirelessbandwidthandpowersupplycanbelimitedformultiple *
- WoWMoM ,2012.
- Workshop ,2013.
- Zhang ,etal.ExpiresMay5,2016
- abilitytoassignnamesthatareuniquewithinthescopeandlifetime *
- abletodealwithforeigndevices ,handleavarietyofuser
- abletoregister *
- abletosatisfytherequestsoftheirconsumers ,theloadofthe
- abovecases ,andandifnecessarytonegotiatedifferentconnectivity
- abstraction ,insteadofinformationdriven,leadingtoahighly
- acceptableoverheadforlargerdataobjects ,itisinfeasiblefor
- accesslatencies. *
- achievedthroughanefficientplatform-widepublish-subscribe *
- acrosssystems ,enablingtimelyactuations,andloweringthetimeto
- activityinformation. *
- actuation ,thattakesanactuationcommandasinputandpossibly
- addition ,mobilityaddsfurtherchallengeintermsofscalability.
- addition ,IoTapplicationsareinherentlyinformationcentric
- additionalsetofscalability ,security,andintegrationrequirements
- addressbasedschemes. *
- addresswithIP-basedoverlaysolutions *
- adoptedinthisapproach. *
- advantages.ManyIoTapplicationshavedataandservicesarethe *
- advantagestoapplicationauthorsincomparisonwithtraditionalhost *
- adversarymayexamine ,removeorevenmodifyconfidential
- aggregationcapabilitiesofthehierarchy.Advancedtechniques *
- agivenscope.Thischallengeisveryrelevantforsmarthomeand *
- alreadyexisting ,andwherethereisadirectoryservicetolook
- alreadyusedbyothertypesofoverlaynetworks ,IoTnetworkscan
- alternativetotraditionalhealthcaresolutions .Further,
- alwaysforwardacontentrequesttoitsoriginalcreator *
- anIoTmiddleware ,processesthecontextualinformationandbridges
- anamespace *
- anarchitectureforIoTdatapotentiallyprovidessuchadvantages *
- andD.Raychaudhuri ,
- andICN-IoTsystems ,itisrequiredtomakedifferentICN
- andTutorials ,2013.
- andaccelerometersoverwheelrotation *
- andcontrolled.Suchdeploymentsfacethefollowingchallengesthat *
- anddisappearveryfrequently. *
- anddomains.BuildingaunifiedIoTplatform ,however,posesgreat
- anddynamic ,requiringstrongsecurityandprivacyprotections.In
- andenablesdecouplingofsenderandreceiver.UsingICNtodesign *
- andexperimentation ,toenablethecost
- andfaceintermittentnetworkconnectivity.Whenspecificdatais *
- andgoods ,supportedbyaninnovativecommunication
- andmanipulatedremotely.Challengesinthehomeincludetopology *
- andmaybeupdated ,replaced,orobsoletedbyotherdocumentsatany
- andopenissues *
- andrelativetoaschedule ,traffic,speed,etc.
- andremainresilientinthepresenceoffailures *
- andsecuremanagementandcommunicationamongobjectsinthesystem *
- andserversfortheircustomers.Figure2showsthearchitecture *
- andsharingartandculture.Bysupportingnewtypesofhuman- *
- andtradewithutilitysuppliers. *
- andtypeofsensorsanddevicesacrossnotonlyasinglebuildingbut *
- anduserinterface. *
- andwiththephysicalworldthroughsensors ,RFIDsandotherdevices.
- anextensionoftheICNconcepttonamedfunctionsprocessedinthe *
- anyreferencetothesub-setofmotesthatwillprovidetheasked *
- application-centricstorageandcachingbutnotwhatICNenvisions *
- applicationrequirements ,contentcachingmayormaynotbepolicy
- applications *
- applications. *
- applications.InmanyIoTapplications ,customersoftenaccessa
- applications.Thisoptimizationcangreatlyreducethecontent *
- applicationsacrossorganizationsanddomains.Further ,itoften
- applicationsacrossorganizationsanddomains.Towardsthisgoal ,
- applicationsaregainingmomentumtoprovide24 *
- applicationshavestrongQoSrequirements.Reliablecommunication *
- applicationsincludingtheusecasesdiscussedinSection5.Inone *
- applicationssuchas ,whichmeansthatwehavetooptimizethe
- applicationsthatcanbenefitalargebodyofenterpriseaffiliates. *
- applicationswell-suitedto ,forexample,timeseriesdataprocessing
- applicationswithstringentlatencyrequirements ,suchashealth
- approach ,andtheycannothelpefficientlyrouterequests
- approachescouldbeused ,includingtheadoptionofaSDN
- approachtowardsaunifiedIoTplatform.Thereareongoing *
- architectureandsupportasmallsetofpre-designatedapplications. *
- architectures *
- architecturesenableamoreflexible ,heterogeneousandpotentially
- architectureshouldhavetosupporttensofbillionsofobjects ,then
- areaburgeoningareaofresearchandcommercialapplications.For *
- arecoupledtoIPaddresses ,whicharenotpersistentinmobile
- arehardtoaddresswithIP-basedoverlaysolutions *
- aremobile.Theobjectswillhaveextremelyheterogeneousmeansof *
- asitisboundtoIPsemantics ,andthusdoesnotsufficiently
- asopposedtoproprietaryAPIsthatarecommonintoday *
- asourceaddress. *
- aspecificdeviceorbysomeoneassignedbyacentralauthorityas *
- assecuritymeasures .
- associatedsystemsareoftenconsideredcriticalinfrastructure-- *
- association ,efficientcommunicationswithmobility,trustworthydata
- at6MHztosaveenergy ,with512BytesofRAMand16KBofflash
- atmultiplelevelsoftheIoTarchitectureincludingnaming ,
- atrustedorganizationin .Furtherthevalidityofeach
- atthePhysicalLayer *
- atthenetworklayer ,orflexiblestorageenabledvianame
- atthenetworklayer ,whichhindersthesupportfordevice
- aunifiedIoTplatform ,wewouldinter
- aunifiedIoTplatforminwhichtheexistingsiloIoTsystems ,as
- availabilityoffreights ,whetherforecastsandsoon.Widearea
- availableforinteractionsamongthemselves ,aswellasinteractions
- avoidinformationloss.ICNmaydifferentiatemobilityofadata *
- bandwidth *
- bandwidth ,couldseriouslylimittheperformanceofthisapproach.
- basedapproachlacksself-organization ,andthusdoesnotprovide
- basedforwardinginprotocolslikeCCN *
- basedontheideaofsecuringinformationobjectsunlikesession- *
- basedsecuritymechanismswhichsecurethecommunicationchannel *
- baseduponcontexts ,hencedynamicallychanging,aspointedoutin
- beavailableintheICN-IoTarchitecture. *
- becauseofvaryingstandardsforbasiccommunication ,andlimits
- belowanapplication *
- bestudiedtomeetthescope-basedself-configurationneedsofICN- *
- bettercandidatetorealizeanunifiedIoTframework.Wethen *
- betweenapairofnodes.Thisreinforcesaninherentcharacteristic *
- betweenchronic ,everyday,urgent,andemergencysituations.Such
- betweenconsumerandproducermobility ,alsonetworkcaching
- betweenlevelsofcareandurgency ,forexampledelineating
- betweennetworkentities.Suchmanipulationmayinvolve *
- bewell-defined.However ,perimeter
- beyondthehome ,whilerequiringmuchofitseaseofuseand
- biggestchallenge.Asanexample ,letuslookatatypicalsensor
- billionsofobjectsanddevicesthatareconnectedtothe *
- boundaries.Secondofall ,inadditiontoobjects
- building *
- buildredundancyandreliabilityinthenetworklayertohandlea *
- byICN-IoT *
- byanyonemeetingsomecertainmetadataconditions.Exampleof *
- byatrustworthyissuerinthecontextoftheapplication ,suchas
- bydevices ,orinteractwithdevices.
- cachesandservicestoreducedelaysbetweencontentrequestand *
- cachesdistributedthroughoutICNnodesincaseswhenthereare *
- caching *
- cachingforicn *
- canalsobespreadbyforwardingdataopportunistically. *
- canbedoneeitherbeforerouting *
- canbestoredonthedevices.Thisconstraintmeansthatunused *
- cancommunicate ,asithasbeenshownthatcommunicationsconsume
- canimprovedatarecoveryforthisapproach. *
- capabilities. *
- capableofdirectlyinteractingwithausershouldtheneedarise *
- carefully ,astheydescribeyourrightsandrestrictionswithrespect
- cases ,trustprovidersmayemergethatcanvouchforanapplication
- categories *
- centricnetworks *
- centricwirelesssensorandactornetworking *
- challengeistheneedtohavefastnameresolution ,especially
- challengesandregulatoryrequirements .
- challengesforIoT *
- challengesininterfacedesignthatmayhavearchitectural *
- challengesontheunderlyingnetworkandsystems.Tonameafew ,it
- challengestorealizeaunifiedICN-IoTframework.Towardsthis ,we
- changeeverytimethesensorreadingisupdated.Inthatcase ,
- channel-basedlimitaccesstosystemswhereread-onlyuseofdatais *
- choosetobecomethetemporarygateway. *
- closertothedatasources. *
- closesttohislocation. *
- collaboratetodeterminehowtoadjusttheheatinglevelintheroom. *
- collaboratingdevices.Inaddition ,severalIoT
- collectdata ,wheretocarryoutcomputation,whentointeractwith
- collectionandexchange. *
- collectivelydetectroadconditionsaroundthem.Inthecaseswhere *
- commonnaming ,payload,encryptionandsignatureschemes.
- communication.IoTrequiresmulticastsupportthatischallenging *
- communicationdevicesinsidebuildings ,laboratories,andplants,at
- communicationisoneofthemostimportantfeaturesasthese *
- communicationmethods *
- communicationsrequireefficientdata *
- comparativestudyofMobilityFirstandNDNbasedICN-IoT *
- comparedtousingtraditionalhost-centricnetworks.Thissection *
- components. *
- compute ,caching
- computerinteraction ,IoTcanenablenewgaming,film
- computing ,inwhicheachsensornodeorICNrouterimplementscontext
- configuration ,brittlenesstochange,configurationoftrust
- configurationbelow *
- connectingconsumersandserviceswhichmeetsmostofthe *
- connectingtotheInternet ,oftenwithsevereresourceconstraints.
- connection ,or,agroupofvehiclesmayformanad
- considerationsgivenheterogeneityofdevicesandinterfacessuchas *
- considerationsparamounttogarneradoptionandcontinueduser *
- consideringseveraldynamicfactorslikemobilityofendpoints ,
- consistentdirectconnectivitybetweendevices.Apartfromusing *
- consumerapplicationsformanagingandinteractingwithhealthdata *
- consumerfromthatofaproducer *
- consumermaymoveawayandthusweneedtohandlethemobilityto *
- consumersetc. *
- consumertosimplyresendtherequest ,atechniqueusedbydirect
- contentandservicedelivery. *
- contentdistributionoccurringatvarioustimescalesandatmultiple *
- contentinordertoverifythatthecontentistheonerequested. *
- contentinthenetworkcansavewirelessbandwidthandbattery *
- contentretrievalandcachingthisalsohassecurityimplications. *
- contextaroundIoTdataneedtobeprotected.Theserequirements *
- contextofIoT ,theObjectSecuritymodelhasseveralconcrete
- contexts *
- contextsandensuresecurityanddependability ,aswellasprovide
- contextscanevolverapidlywithsignificantimpacttoindividuals *
- contextualinputscanbeusedtoimprovethequalityand *
- contributionstoastandardizedhomegatewaynetwork ,through
- controlisoftenviolatedincurrentnetworkstoenableover-the- *
- controloverhead.Inparticular ,themainrequirements
- controlplane. *
- controlsystems ,throughputscalingwithnumberofdevices,and
- coreandcontentseektimedecrease ,andtheoverallsystem
- correlationofdeviceactivitypatternstoinferhigher-level *
- createdsothatthenameresolutionsystemshouldbeableto *
- critical. *
- crossseveralrealms ,eachoneimplementingdifferentstacks
- cultures ,interests,etc.
- currentbestpracticesineducation. *
- cyclearepresentinthenetworkandwhenaccesstothecloud *
- dataandservicesaccessibletogeneralInternetapplications *
- dataandservicesisoftenmoreimportantthannamingthedevices. *
- datacentricnamingmayalsoposechallenges. *
- dataconsumersusuallyneeddatasensedfromtheenvironmentwithout *
- dataisnoisyasis .NamedFunctionNetworking
- datanetworkingforIoT *
- dataprocessingandcontrol *
- decisionsatanaggregatedlevel.Also ,thesystemscanbeaccessed
- delivery. *
- deployedsmartsystems *
- describedintheSimplifiedBSDLicense. *
- describessomeofthetradeoffsthatwillbeinvolved. *
- descriptionasinputandreturnsthevalueofthatcontent ,and
- destinationpair *
- developedtoexposeimportantconceptsclearlyandinlightof *
- developers *
- device *
- devicecapabilityaware.Intheinfrastructurepart ,intelligent
- devices *
- devices.Inthiscontext ,datacontentandservicescanbe
- devicesandprotocols *
- deviceshavelimitedpowerandcomputingresources ,unableto
- devicesinvolvedinacontextaswellasthenumberofcontexts *
- devicespoweredbybatteries.Inthiscase ,avoidingunnecessary
- devicessharingacommunicationchannel ,andforsmallmobile
- devicestowardsacommonobjective.Naminghasthefollowing *
- devicetosenddatatoanaggregatorortotheIoTserver. *
- differentdomains ,thecurrenttrendistodevelopacommon,
- directlyrunnormalIPaccessnetwork *
- disclosedatafinegranularitysincefromthemitispossibleto *
- discoverrequesteddevice ,data,orresources
- discovery *
- discussIoTchallengesfromanICNperspectiveandrequirementsposed *
- discussedinNDN ,withsimplerdeployment.However,itandother
- discussspecificchallengesICNhastoaddresstosatisfythem.Then *
- dissemination. *
- distributionautomation.InaunifiedIoTplatform ,datacollected
- distributionmodelstomeetspecificapplicationrequirementswhich *
- documentauthors.Allrightsreserved. *
- domains.Asaresult ,itnaturallyposesstringentrequirementsin
- draft-zhang-icnrg-requirements-00 *
- driven.Ifcachingispervasive ,intermediatenodesdon
- drivenadaptivesecuritymanagementinE-healthIoT *
- drivenapproach ,mechanismsforcontinuousnearestneighbor
- dynamicrelationshipandcommunication.Forexample ,carstraveling
- education.Thediverseusesofhobbyist-orientedmicro-controller *
- effectivelytakecareofthesedynamicconditions.Inparticular ,
- efficiency. *
- efficiency.Asaresult ,wereferthereaderstoreadsections
- efficiencyofdifferentservices. *
- efficientcontentaccess. *
- efficientresolutionofcachedcopies.Furthertheplatformshould *
- efficientsupportforthead-hocmode. *
- electricalmetering ,health
- en-routerouters.Inparticular ,theauthorsproposea
- enableintelligentnetworkingamongconsumersandproducers .
- enablenetworkedcontrolloops ,real
- enableresource *
- end-users ,etc.
- energy-efficienttopologydiscoveryanddataforwardinginthead-hoc *
- engineersofIoTsystems *
- enterprise ,oreventheincentivemechanismsofsmarthealthcare
- enterpriseshouldintegratewithotherenterprise-widesecurity *
- enterprisesystemmustbeabletoscaleefficientlywiththenumber *
- entertainmentmarketandthefundamentalhumanactivityofcreating *
- entitiesclosertotheconsumershouldbeeasilyaccessible *
- entitiesoftheICN-IoTsystem ,whenpossible
- environments *
- environmentsoverContent-CentricNetworking *
- especiallystaticbindingvs.dynamicbinding. *
- essential. *
- etc.Inthelattercase ,theIoTplatformneedstodiscoverthe
- everyaspectofthesystemdesign.Below ,weoutlineafewimportant
- everywhere.In ,theauthorssuggestthatedgecaching
- executed ,basedonthefeedbacksoftheICN
- experiencedesignthatareimpactedbythecomplexityofnetwork *
- experimentation *
- extendedtoconstraineddevicesaswellandtheyshouldbeenergyand *
- fact ,besidestheneedtoensurecoexistencebetweenIP
- fastnamelookuparenecessarytoensuresoft *
- fastnameresolutionisalsocritical.Finally ,anotherchallenge
- fault-tolerantapproachtostorageprovidingpersistenceatmultiple *
- featuressuchasreporting ,context
- filterandcleansesenseddatainIoTapplicationsiscriticalasthe *
- filtering ,haverealtimeconstraints,andrequirefastdevice
- filteringassuchoperationscanreducetheend-to-endlatency *
- filters *
- firstidentifyalistofimportantrequirementswhichaunifiedIoT *
- firstlookatcellularmachine-to-machinetraffic *
- flat *
- flexibility.Additionally ,theybringrequirementsforintegration
- flexibilityandusabilityofthedesignapproaches.Beyondthe *
- floodingtechniquescouldbeused ,butanintra
- focusingonsecuringcommunicationchannelsratherthanmanaging *
- followingtypesofresources *
- forIdentifier-to-LocatorMappingsintheGlobal *
- forNamedDataNetworking *
- foranexample. *
- forconstrainednetworking ,dataprocessing,andcontent
- forefficientinformationdissemination *
- formasmartdistrictwhereitbecomespossibletobargainresources *
- formation ,update,lookupandassociation.
- formtimetotime.BandwidthconstraintsoftheIoTdeviceslimit *
- forprogramstorage.Moreover ,ithastodeliveritsdataovera
- forthesamedataproducerinitsnewposition *
- forwarding ,servicemobilityaswellasprivacyprotection.Notably,
- forwardingintelligenceformulti-pathroutingleveragingstate- *
- forwardingisthekey. *
- fragmentedprotocolspacewithlimitedinteroperability. *
- fromdifferentsmartgridscanbeintegratedtoreachmore *
- fromsatisfyingtheIoTrequirementsoutlinedearlier *
- fundamentalimportancetoformalandinformaleducation. *
- futurehealthapplications ,aunifiedIoTplatformiscriticalfor
- futuremobileinternet *
- gain *
- gatewaysandserversadoptstandardAPIs.IoTdevicesconnecttothe *
- generalizedstorage-awareroutingformobilityfirstinthe *
- generateanameforanobjectbeforeitiscreated.Howeverthis *
- gracefullytocoveralargenumberofnames *
- gracefullytomanagealargenumberofheterogeneousdevices *
- grid ,canbeusedtooptimizeseveralpowerdistribution
- handlingmobilityacrossdifferentdomains ,moresophisticated
- handlingstaticanddynamicICNentitieswithlowcomplexityand *
- hastobeproperlyaccountedfor. *
- havecomparableuplinkanddownlinktrafficvolumeinsome *
- havenotbeenanalyzedfromtheQoSperspectivewhenheterogeneous *
- havetobegenericenoughtosatisfymultiplicityofpolicy *
- hazardsonthehighway ,sensorsdeployedinthesameroommay
- health.Hencetimelyandaccuratedetectionofcontextsis *
- healthbecomeincreasinglydeployed ,healthcareisbecomingaviable
- healthmonitoringapplications ,whereprivacyissuesplayakey
- heterogeneous ,somecontentisoftenrequestedrepeatedly.In
- heterogeneousdeviceandprotocols *
- heterogeneousnaming ,trust,communication,andcontrolsystems
- highlightsgeneralbenefitsthatICNcouldprovidetoIoTnetworks. *
- home ,campus,grid,transportationinfrastructure,healthcare,
- homeinterestanycastoverheterogeneousinterfaces ,caching,and
- homesystemsmustmakedecisions *
- hostcentric ,i.e.,thenameofagivenresource
- humans. *
- identityinformation *
- implicationonthesystemarchitectureaswiththepowerconstraints *
- implications. *
- improvedpatientcareandconsumerhealthsupportbysharingdata *
- in .
- in-houseengineeringsupport. *
- inIntelligentTransportationSystems ,re
- inIoTsensingapplications. *
- inNetworking ,2011.
- incarscouldbehackedandusedasagatewayintotheautomotive *
- includeSimplifiedBSDLicensetextasdescribedinSection4.eof *
- includesdevices ,agateway,aserverandapplications.ManyIoT
- includingclimatecontrol ,homesecuritymonitoring,smokedetection,
- increases. *
- independentservicediscovery ,commonprotocolforheterogeneous
- information *
- information-centricnetworks *
- information. *
- information.Inaddition ,routing
- informationalsousingpartiallyspecifiednames.Thelatter *
- informationatthenetworklayer. *
- informationmanagement ,achievedbyusingsensorsandactuators,
- informationtotheapplication *
- infrastructure *
- infrastructurefortheassuranceofmeasurement *
- infrastructureislimited.However ,usingdistributedcaching
- infrastructureisunavailable ,oneoftheparticipatingnodesmay
- inherentinefficienciesduetoIPprotocol hinderstheplatform
- inherentweaknessestowardssupportingaunifiedIoTsystem.Asa *
- innovationbysimplifyinginteractionacrossdevicesfrommany *
- inoverlaysystemstoday. *
- installersalsopresentschallengesinuserinterfaceanduser *
- insteadofsecuringthesessionbetweencommunicatingendpoints. *
- insystemsthataredatacentricbynature.Forexample ,in
- integrateswithcriticalinfrastructureandindustrialsystemswith *
- integrationofIoTintoexperiencesbeingdesignedwithoutexpert *
- integrationwithinfrastructure-basedsensing *
- integrity ,authentication,andaccesscontrolatdifferentlayersof
- inter-operability *
- inter-operatibility *
- interactingthroughacombinationofinfrastructureandadhoc *
- interactions ,highreliability,shortcommunicationlatencies,
- interactions *
- interactionsacrosscontexts. *
- interactionsandefficientcontentaccess. *
- interactionsbetweenconsumers ,contentproducer,andIoTservices,
- interconnection.Inadditiontothisdimension ,assistiverobotics
- intermsofscalability ,security,mobility,andself
- internetwithhyperbolicmapping *
- interoperabilitybetweendifferentheterogeneousICNrealmsand *
- interoperabilitywithexistingplatformsisamusttoensurea *
- interoperate. *
- intertwinedtoeachotherandhighlychanging ,whichinclude
- intheconstrainedandinfrastructurepartofthenetwork. *
- inthemobilityfirstfutureinternetarchitecture *
- intheorderof10KB ,whilecachingininfrastructurepartofthe
- intocars ,othervehiclestransportationsystems
- intrusion ,androutearounddisruption.
- iscontrarytosession-basedsecuritymechanismssuchasTLS *
- isrequiredforefficientinformationdissemination. *
- istoquantifythecostassociatedwithmobilitymanagement ,
- keepingthestateinformationlow.Atthesametime ,theneedof
- kindofmetadataorsensorreading. *
- leadstoalargevarietyofdata ,servicesanddevices.While
- levels. *
- levelsofhierarchydependingontheapplicationrequirements.This *
- lifesafetyimplications ,bringingwithitsignificantsecurity
- lightingcontrol *
- lightingcontrolofthesmarthome ,presentationsystemsofthesmart
- lightweightpublish *
- limitedscope ,etc.
- littlemeaningatallifactuationusesauthenticatedrequestsas *
- localcomputationversuscommunicationcost. *
- localknowledge. *
- locatingandreceivingacachedcopyissufficientforIoT *
- location-bothgeographicalandjurisdictional ,time
- logicalICNtopologies ,andcaching
- lookingattheirmovementpatterns--privacyprotectionis *
- lookupwithlowmemorycostviaapplyingtwo-stageBloom *
- low-latencycommunicationtoenableend-userresponsiveness *
- low-latencyresponsestourgentsituations. *
- lower.Anotherexampleiswhenthenamereferstoanobjectwith *
- maingoalandspecificcommunicationbetweentwodevicesis *
- makevehiclebecomeanactiveelementofthesystemandtoimprove *
- management ,andapplication
- management ,etc.Finally,itisunlikelythattherewillbeasingle
- managementofthesesystems. *
- managingandmonitoringthedevicesforadministrationpurposes *
- manufacturers ,installersandintegrators,utilityandinfrastructure
- manufacturers.Challengesinhealthcareincludereal-time *
- manycommonapplicationsofIoTnetworks ,dataandservicesare
- materialortocitethemotherthanas *
- maybeapplicationdependent.Whencontentpopularityis *
- mechanismrequiresmetadatamatchingsemantics. *
- mechanismsinthenetworkisnotusefulwheneachobjectisonly *
- mechanismtobeenabledonlyatcertainpointsinthenetwork ,as
- mentionedabove ,aunifiedIoTplatformneedstonameeveryentity
- mgrs *
- mobility *
- mobilityorflexiblenameresolution.FurthertheLayer2 *
- mobilitysolutions ,interfacesandapplicationsforpeople
- mode ,and
- monitoring ,emergencyhandlingandsmarttransportation
- morepowerthanotheractivitiesforembeddeddevices.Flexible *
- multi-nationalcorporations *
- mustbeabletooperateonreal-timeandremainresilientinthe *
- mustbeconsideredwhendefininganIoTframeworkoverICN ,and
- name-basedrouting ,caching,in
- nameddatanetworking *
- namely ,wecannotaffordtocollectsinglesensordatageneratedby
- nameofthecontentforeachofthesepiecesofdatahasto *
- nameresolutionservice *
- nameresolutionservice.Inparticular ,thename
- nameresolutionshouldnotaffecttheoverallQoS.Withreference *
- nameresolutionsystemisalsoresponsibleformappingIoT *
- namesandNRSshouldbedesignedinsuchawaytoenable *
- naming *
- namingschematogainsuccessonthemarket .Asamatterof
- namingschemeshavelongnamesthatarelikelytobelongerthan *
- natureoftodaysInternetandtheinformation-centricnatureofthe *
- necessary *
- needs.ContextualservicesforIoTnetworksrequirein-network *
- needstosupport50-100Billionnetworkedobjects ,manyofwhich
- needtomainaname-basedroutingtable ,hencethechallengeof
- network ,whichcouldbeusedtogeneratedataflowprocessing
- network *
- network.Cachinginconstrainednetworksislimitedtosmallamounts *
- network.Theconsequencemightbeanincreaseindelayand *
- network.Thepresenceofactuatorsrequiresclientstoact *
- networkcanallowmuchlargerchunks. *
- networkconnectivity ,eitherglobalorlocal,tointeractwith
- networkedandleveragedforapplicationssuchasmonitoringexternal *
- networkequipmentdeployedandservicesofferedbyIoTnetworks *
- networkhosts.ThisbringsintheconceptofObjectSecuritywhich *
- networkrealmtoanotheroneduringthejourney.Inthiscase ,
- networksforuserswithavarietyofskilllevels ,backgrounds,
- networkshouldallowfeaturessuchasopportunisticstoreandforward *
- non-missioncritical.Formissioncriticalapplications ,reliable
- non-repudiation ,andavailability.
- notasecurityrisk *
- numberofmobiledevicesacrosstheboundariesoforganizationsand *
- oAd-hocandinfrastructuremode.Asmentionedabove ,theoverlay
- oAgility *
- oAnotherchallengeinICN-IoTcachingiswhattocacheforIoT *
- oAnotherchallengeisthattheefficiencyofDistributedCaching *
- oConfidentiality *
- oContextualCommunications.Thisoverlay-basedapproachcannot *
- oControl *
- oDecouplingbetweenSenderandReceiver.IoTdevicesmaybemobile *
- oDeployabilityandinteroperability *
- oDistributedCachingandProcessing.Whilecachingmechanismsare *
- oFlexibility *
- oHash-basedcontentname *
- oIfthedataproduceritselfhasmoved ,thechallengeistocontrol
- oIndirectname-basedrouting ,packetsareforwardedbythenameof
- oInindirectrouting ,packetsareforwardedbaseduponthelocator
- oInsmartcampus ,inter
- oInsmartcampus ,in
- oInsmartcampus ,itisrequiredtodifferentiateamongdifferent
- oInsmartcampus ,duetotheexistenceofmanyservices,relevant
- oInsmartgrids ,contextualinformationsuchaslocation,time,
- oInsmartgrids ,weoftenrelyonin
- oInsmartgrids ,weoftenrequireverytimelydatadelivery.
- oInsmartgrids ,energyconsumptionsprofilesshouldnotbeennever
- oInsmarthealthcare ,timelyanddependableroutingandinformation
- oInsmarthealthcare ,in
- oInsmarthealthcare ,personalmedicaldataaboutpatientsshould
- oInsmarthealthcareseveralcontextscanbeusedtodelineate *
- oInsmarthomes ,theaccesstonetworkedinformationshouldbe
- oInsmarthomes ,localservicescanprovidevalue
- oInsmarthomes ,weneedlocal,intra
- oInsmarthomesmanycontrolloopsandactionsdependheavilyon *
- oInsmarttransportation ,in
- oInsmarttransportation ,vehicle
- oInsmarttransportation ,thehabitsofuserscanbeinferredby
- oInsmarttransportation ,manydifferentcontextsexist,
- oIntheinfrastructurepart ,wehaveseveralnewthreatsintroduced
- oIntheresource-constrainednodes ,energylimitationisthe
- oLatency *
- oLocalityandnetworkefficiency *
- oMetadata-basedcontentname *
- oMobility.Theoverlay-basedapproachusesIPaddressesasnames *
- oNaming.IncurrentoverlaysforIoTsystemsthenamingschemeis *
- oNamingofDevices ,DataandServices.Theheterogeneityofboth
- oNamingofdevices *
- oNamingofservices *
- oResourceconstraints.Theoverlay-basedapproachrequiresevery *
- oScalability *
- oSelf-Organization.Theoverlay-basedapproachistopology-based *
- oSizeofdata *
- oSmartcampussystemsmayusein-networkcachingtoenablesocial *
- oSmartcampussystemsusuallyconsistofheterogeneousIoT *
- oSmartgridsmayusein-networkcachingtobackupvaluabledata *
- oSmartgridsrequirenamesandnameresolutionsystemthatcan *
- oSmarthealthcaremayusein-networkcachingforrapidinformation *
- oSmarthealthcaresystemrequiresnamesandnameresolutionsystem *
- oSmarthomesmayusein-networkcachingatgatewaytoenable *
- oSmarthomesrequirenamesthatcanenablelocalandwidearea *
- oSmarttransportationmayimplementin-networkcachingonvehicles *
- oSmarttransportationsystemsrequirenamesandnameresolution *
- oStorageandCaching.Theoverlay-basedapproachsupports *
- oThedifficultyofthischallengegrowsrapidlywhenthenumberof *
- oThemainchallengeistodeterminewhichnodesontheroutingpath *
- oTrafficCharacteristics.Inthisapproach ,applicationsare
- oTrust *
- oTrust.Trustmanagementschemesarestillrelativelyweak ,
- oWeneedtohaveafastcontextresolutionservicethroughwhich *
- oWhenaconsumermovestoanewlocationaftersendingoutthe *
- objectives. *
- objectswhereitisimportanttoverifythecontent. *
- ofICNnetworksi.e.todecouplesendersandreceivers.Inthe *
- ofThings *
- ofThingsforAmbientAssistedLiving *
- ofacomplexnetworklayer *
- ofeachdevice ,dataitemsgeneratedbythesedevices,oragroupof
- ofsensorsordatareceivers *
- oftenneedshortlatency. *
- ofthecommunication ,mechanismsfornameconfidentialityshould
- ofthedestinationnode ,andthelocatorisobtainedthroughthe
- oftoday *
- ontheIoTgatewaysandtheserver *
- onthehighwaymayforma *
- openareaofresearch .In
- operability *
- operationofthesystemitselfaswellasthesystemsbeingobserved *
- organizationisrequiredtoensurelogicalisolationbetweentheIoT *
- orsecurityconstraintsspecifictoeachmobilecontext. *
- orusedataassmallasashortintegercontainingatemperature *
- other *
- otherwisethenetworkstabilitywouldbeseriouslyimpaired.For *
- overarchingtrustmanagementchallenge ,securityincludesdata
- overlaysofdistributedrepositories ,e.g.,acloudoraContent
- overview *
- overwhelmingthem *
- papersconsiderworkloadsthatareanalogoustotoday *
- particularlyimportantforsmarthomes. *
- patients .
- payloadallowsIoTapplicationstoadapttodifferentenvironments. *
- performancedegradationfornetworkservicesandapplications. *
- permissions *
- personaldevicesandsmartenvironments ,aswellasbillingsystems.
- physicalboundariesoftheenterprise.However ,currentapproaches
- physicalproximityaswellasthedetectionofthesameevent.These *
- pieceofdatapublishedbyanauthorizedentityinthenamespace *
- planeoverheadwhichwilladverselyaffectapplicationthroughput. *
- platform ,inwhichbillionsofobjectsconnecttotheInternet,
- platform.Suchaplatformwillmakeobjectsaccessibleto *
- platformhastoalsosupportwideareacommunications.Forexample ,
- platformmustintegratemanyaspectsofhumaninteraction ,H2Mand
- platforms *
- playbackandrenderingin3Dsystems *
- points ,exampleatthenetworkedge,henceitisimportanttobalance
- possiblesolutionmightbeutilizingthephysicalwirelesssignals *
- potentiallybenefitevenmorefromcachingandin-network *
- power.Moreover ,asforothertypesofnetworks,applicationsfor
- presenceoffailures *
- prevalentinthecurrenthost-centricinternet.ObjectSecurityis *
- previousactuationrequest *
- privacy *
- privacy. *
- privacyconcernshavetobedealtinascenario-specificmannerwith *
- privacyvulnerabilitiesofin-carwirelessnetworks *
- privatecommunitygroups *
- probabilitiestocachedata.Accordingto ,selectinga
- processingneedstobeconductedincloudserversoratopportunistic *
- processingsystems ,becauseoftheirresourceconstraints.
- processingthesedevicescanperform.Asaresult ,morecomplex
- productioncarsalreadycarrymanysensorsrangingfromraingauges *
- profilesandtoallocatedifferentrightsandprotectionlevelsto *
- protocols ,butthesystemisbuiltupontoday
- protocols.ThereforetheyusetheIoTgatewaytotheserver. *
- providecontextfordifferentapplications. *
- providedbyseveraldevices ,orgroupofdevices,hencenaming
- providers *
- providesmostofthebenefitsofin-networkcachingtypically *
- providesseamlessmobilitysupport ,scalability,andefficient
- provisionsofBCP78andBCP79. *
- pub *
- publicationofthisdocument.Pleasereviewthesedocuments *
- publish-subscribeservicemustbeefficientlyimplemented ,ableto
- publishedinthepast ,thustriggeringitscreation.
- queriesinthenamespaceneedtobedeveloped. *
- quicklydiscoverheterogeneousandrelevant *
- quiteafewproposalshavebeenmadetobuildaunifiedhost-centric *
- randomroutertocachedataisasgoodascachingthecontent *
- rangingfromstaticasinfixedassetstohighlydynamicinvehicle- *
- reachabilitytothem ,requiresascalablenameresolutionsystem
- reacttodynamiccontextualchangesinatimelyfashion.Themain *
- real-worldhealthcaresystems ,whichwillcontinuetoincrease
- realms ,eachonebasedonadifferentICNarchitecture,to
- realtime *
- reasoning .Anothermajorpurposeofin
- reasonisthatcontextlistsarekeptattheIoTserverinthis *
- receivedatathroughstandardcontrolanddataAPIs.Buildingontop *
- recentdemonstration ,itwasshownthatpassivetirepressuresensors
- recenttrend ,however,istoevolvetowardsagloballyunifiedIoT
- refersthepossibilitytorequestacontentthathasnotyetbeen *
- regulations. *
- regulatoryrequirementfordatasecurityandinteroperability *
- regulatoryrequirementsandcurrentindustrybestpractices. *
- relationshipbetweenphysicalphenomenaandnetworkmessageseasier *
- relativelocationsofJamesandtaxidrivers.Acontextservice ,as
- reliability *
- reliability ,real
- remainshieldedtoprotecttheirprivacy ,implementingboth
- repeatedactuationrequestswithinagiventimeperiod *
- replaceaneedfordata-centricsecurityinICN. *
- replay ,rerouting,mis
- requested ,suchdatacanoftenbedeliveredbyICNwithoutany
- requestedatmostonce ,asacachehitcanonlyoccurforthe
- requestforData ,theDatamaygetlost,whichrequiresthe
- requireabroadknowledgeofthestatusofthesystem ,trafficload,
- requiredtodeploycurrentIoTsolutionslimitthescalabilityand *
- requiredtounderstandtheappropriatecachingapproachforIoT *
- requirementonmobilitysupportistobeabletodeliverIoTdata *
- requirements *
- requirements ,followedbydiscussiononsuitabilityofICNforIoT.
- requirements.WefollowthisbykeyICNfeaturesthatmakesita *
- requirementsdiscussedabove *
- requirementsfordifferentapplications.Furthermoresecurityand *
- requirementsfortheunderlyingIoTarchitecture *
- requirementsontheIoTplatform.Theplatformneedstosupportthe *
- requirementsthataunifiedIoTplatformhastoaddress. *
- requiresappropriatedesignchoicesandarchitecturalconsiderations *
- requiresdevicestohaveaspecificnameallowingtoidentifythem *
- requiresopenAPIstobegenericenoughtosupportcommonlyused *
- requiresthefollowingcapabilitiesfortheunderlyingsystem *
- requiringadifferentdesignrationale. *
- requiringsomeformofindexingservice.Whilethisisan *
- resilienceisalsocritical. *
- resilienttomaliciousphysicalandcyberattacksandmeetthe *
- resolution ,routing,caching,andICN
- resolutionfortheiot *
- resolutionschema *
- resolutionservices. *
- resourcecouldbeprovidedbymanydifferentdevicesthus *
- resourceitisnotentitledto.Asaconsequence ,an
- resourcescanbeaccessedoverInternetandsharedacrossthe *
- respecttonetworkfunctionperspectivespanningnaming ,name
- responsetimeandscalability. *
- result ,itcannotsatisfysomeoftherequirementsweoutlinedin
- result ,whenprovisioningthesystem,theshapeofthetrafficvolume
- resultinolddatabeingreturned. *
- returnsastatuscodeafterwards. *
- roboticsapplications ,smartgrids,andindustrialplants
- roleandthelocalscopeofahomeorhealthcareenvironmentmay *
- routing *
- routingapproach.Indirectroutingapproachdoesn *
- routingorname-basedlookup. *
- routingprotocols. *
- safety ,convenience,entertainment,etc.Thechallengesfor
- satisfytheself-organizationrequirement.Inadditionto *
- scalability *
- scalabilityisimproved.Thisfacetgainsfurtherrelevancein *
- scalemeasurementandcharacterization. *
- scenario *
- scenarios.Ontheotherside ,inIoTsystemsthesameservice
- schema *
- seamlessmobilitysupportinthefaceofextremedisruptions *
- secondary.Thenetworkdistributescontentandprovidesa *
- secondary.Therefore ,itmakesmoresensetosecureIoTobjects
- secondrequestandlater.Itmayalsobelessbeneficialtohave *
- securebasedonapplicationrequirements *
- security ,nameresolution,routingandforwardinglevel.In
- security.Inaddition ,themobilitypatternsoftransportation
- securityandprivacyprotectioninIoTsystemsshouldmainlyfocuson *
- securityguidelines.InaunifiedIoTplatform ,dependingon
- sensitiveIOTservices *
- sensorcontent ,thedeviceidentifiercanbeincludedasaspecial
- sensordataitemmaynotbebeneficial.In ,theauthors
- sensordatamayneedtobediscardedorstoredinaggregatedcompact *
- sensorreadingisrequestedordesired ,thereturneddatashould
- sensors ,RFIDtags,andactuators,ontheInternetby2020
- serverstheadditionalbenefitofcachinginICNnodeswouldbe *
- servesbothmodes.Suchaprotocolshouldbeabletoprovide *
- service ,insteadofestablishingacommunicationlinkbetweentwo
- service ,orthroughprivatecommunitygrouping
- service-levelself-organization ,whichisnotsupportedby
- servicediscovery ,naming,topologyconstruction,routingover
- servicediscoveryandassociation.Atthesametime ,theIoT
- servicereplication ,in
- services .Thischallengeisespeciallyimportantfor
- services ,thusrequiringnamesandnameresolutionsystemto
- servicescanbereferredtowithauniqueidentifier ,providedby
- servicescateringtovariousnetworkfunctionsandapplications *
- servicesincludecontentretrieval ,thattakesacontentname
- servicestotheirnetworkaddresses.Manyoftheseservicesare *
- setofprotocolsandservices ,whichformanIoTplatform,basedon
- shieldedtoprotecttheprivacyofpeople ,forexample,cross
- short-termcontextsaremorechallengingtosupport ,requiringfast
- shouldbeverifiable-e.g. ,byfollowingahierarchicalchain
- shouldcachethedata.Accordingto ,cachingthedataona
- significantoptimizations.Thechallengesforsmartgridinclude *
- simplecommunicationspatternsareobscuredbymanylayersof *
- social ,relationshipsofowners,administrativegroupings,location,
- someefficiency ,butincaseofdenseoccurrenceofoverlayCDN
- speaking ,ICNroutingcanbecategorizedintothefollowingtwo
- specificalgorithmsandthatitispossibletoretrieve *
- specificallyonadevice ,e.g.toswitchitonoroff.Also,
- stadiums ,inparkinglots,onschoolbuses,etc.AunifiedIoT
- standardizationeffortsincludingETSI ,oneM2M
- state-of-the-arthost-centricinternet.Besidesaspectslikenaming ,
- stateisthesameasthatintraditionalrouters ,andthemain
- statusinformationtoaserverperiodicallythroughcellular *
- streamofsensordata ,andasaresult,cachingaparticular
- striveforthebalancebetweencaching ,contentsecurity
- structuredcachingsystemsasdescribedpreviously ,information
- subsetofnodescanachieveabettergainthancachingonevery *
- subsystems ,whichshouldbeenabledatdifferentlevels
- subsystemswithinaparticularscenario.Herescope-basedself- *
- suchasdata ,device,serviceetc.Scalabilityhastobeaddressed
- suchashyperbolicrouting mayofferfurtherscalabilityand
- suchaslifetime ,mobilityormigration
- sufferfromtheproblemthattheobjectcanonlyberequestedwhen *
- sufficientandresource-constrained.Ingeneral ,therearethe
- suggesttocacheIoTservicesonintermediaterouters ,andin
- supportedbythenextgenerationIoTplatformbecauseofits *
- supportseamlessmobility ,in
- system .TheICNparadigmisinformation
- system *
- system. *
- system.Forexample ,itcouldmeancachingtheresultofa
- systemcanoperateeitherinad-hocorinfrastructuremode. *
- systemisitsscalability.Firstly ,theapproachhastosupport
- systemmustbeabletodealwithmobilitycausedbymovementof *
- systems ,suchasDF
- systems *
- systemshavebeendevelopedanddeployedindifferentdomains.The *
- systemsincreasethelikelyhoodthatausermigratesfromone *
- systemsmustberesilienttomaliciousphysicalandcyberattacks. *
- systemsthatareaddressableorsearchablebasedonmetadataor *
- systemtobeabletohandleextrememobility ,shortlatencyand
- tables *
- tag.Supposethetaghasasingle16-bitprocessor ,oftenrunning
- techniquestocollecttherelevantinformationarerequired ,and
- temporarygroupsarereferredtoascontexts.IoTapplicationsneed *
- temporaryproximity *
- term *
- termcontextssuchasthosethatarebaseduponsocialcontactsas *
- termdisconnection ,orlastmilewirelessimpairments.AlsoanICN
- thatICNroutingisbaseduponnamesinsteadoflocators.Broadly *
- thatIoT-styleinterconnectionofdevicestomaketheseenvironments *
- thatarehardtoaddresswithIP-basedoverlaysolutions *
- thatcase ,thenetworkcanbenefitfromcaching.Anothercase
- theACMSigmetrics ,2012.
- theInformationCentricNetwork *
- theInternet ,suchthattheycaninteractwitheachotherandmake
- theIoTapplicationsconsideredhere.Furtherworkislikely *
- theIoTplatform.Privacymeansthatboththecontentandthe *
- theTrustLegalProvisionsandareprovidedwithoutwarrantyas *
- theactualdatacontentformanytypesofIoTapplications. *
- theamountofcommunication.Suchdeviceswillhavethesame *
- thecontext ,andthecontextsevolvewithtime,e.g.,temperature,
- thecontroloverheadwhilesearchingforanewdataproducer *
- thecurrentlocationatwhichitisstored ,whichsimplifiescaching
- thedata orthenameofthedestinationnode
- thedata.UsingICNtoretrievedatafromsuchservicesmayadd *
- thedatathatneedstobesecureddirectly. *
- thedeviceand *
- thedistributionofcomputations *
- theease-of-useexpectationsandtrainingofbothusersand *
- thefollowingaspects *
- thegapbetweenrawsensorinformationandapplicationrequirements. *
- theinvolvedIoTdevicescancontinuouslyupdateitscontextual *
- theirnetworkinterfacesarenamedatthenetworklevel ,leaving
- theiruniquechallenges. *
- them. *
- themaingoal ,andspecificcommunicationbetweentwodevicesis
- theobjecthasbeencreatedandthecontentisalreadyknown ,thus
- theoverlayapproach. *
- theregulatoryrequirementsthatshouldimpactnewdevicesandtheir *
- thescalabilityandefficiencyofthesystem ,puttingcomputation
- thesemechanismsalsoentailoverheadsinthecontrolandforwarding *
- theserviceprovider.Itcanhoweveralsobeaserviceprovided *
- thesizeofthedataistypicallylargerthanitsname.Forthe *
- theymustbeabletodefendagainstmaliciousattacks ,detect
- thischallengeappliestoverydynamicscenarios *
- thosedomainswhereanactuationontheenvironmenthastobe *
- throughtheintroductionofIoTdevices ,presentssignificant
- time-variantchannels *
- time.ItisinappropriatetouseInternet-Draftsasreference *
- tirepressuremonitoringsystemcasestudy *
- to-vehicleenvironments. *
- toachievethisobjectivearebaseduponInternetoverlays ,whose
- toaddresswithIP-basedoverlaysolutions *
- tobedifferent ,certainIoTsystemshavebeenanalyzedandshownto
- tobeimplementedintheconstrainedpart.Inthiscase ,one
- tocreatecomprehensiveinteractiveenvironmentsortoprovideuser *
- toenablereal-timeinteractions ,dependability,andsecurity.
- tohardware *
- tomultipleplacesisimportant ,henceprocessingandstoringsuch
- topologicalself-organization ,IoTalsorequiresdata
- toprovidereasonableinterfacestotheirhighlyheterogeneousIoT *
- torequestcontentinnamespacesrelatedtotheirlocalcontext *
- toroute *
- tosupportinteractionsamongthemembersofacontext ,aswellas
- totheInternet.Afterdeployingmanystand-aloneIoTsystemsin *
- totheapplicationlayerthetasktonamedataandservices.In *
- totheoneofdevicethatcanprovideit.Inturn ,devicenames
- tothisdocument.CodeComponentsextractedfromthisdocumentmust *
- tothisissueitbecomesimportanttocircumventtoocentralized *
- tounderstandinmanysimplecases *
- towardsdevelopinganICN-IoTsolution. *
- towardsitsdesign.FinaldiscussionfocusesonIoTscenariosand *
- traffic *
- trafficdemonstratescertainperiodicityandburstiness .Asa
- trafficpatternsaremixedinarouter ,ingeneralQoSforICNisan
- translationfromthehost-basedaddressingofIP *
- transmissionswithIoTdevicestoretrieveanddistributeIoTdata *
- transportationincludefastdata *
- transportationsystemmustdealwithalargenumberofmobilenodes *
- transportationsystemswillbenefitfromin-networkcomputing *
- trueingeneralbecause ,whateverthenetwork,iftheedgesare
- trustandothersecurityrequirements.Intheformercase ,the
- trusteddelegate. *
- trusttoarootthatisacceptablefortheapplication.See s
- trustworthy ,securityandprivacy,andwellasdefiningandmeeting
- trustworthyorganizationentitysuchasin ,orbyits
- typeofIoTecosystem ,alsoafunctionsubjectedtoprivacyand
- typeofecosystem *
- unclearwhatcachingmeansinthecontextofactuationinanIoT *
- underlyingIoTarchitecture *
- underlyingarchitecture *
- understandingofhowtheyoperate--afundamentalcontributionto *
- undesirable.Computingconstraintslimitthetypeandamountof *
- uniquely.Therearemultiplewaystoachievedevicenaming ,even
- uniquelyidentifythecontent.Forthisreason ,manyexisting
- unreliablecommunicationduetomobilityandtelepresence. *
- uploadingeverysingleproduceddatatoacentralserveris *
- upnames.Thisapproachissuitableforsystemswithlargedata *
- usagediffersinconstrainedandinfrastructurepartoftheIoT *
- used ,scalabilitycanbealsosupportedbyleveragingtheinherent
- userinterface *
- userisabletoconstructthenameofadesireddataitemthrough *
- usewhentheobjectsizeisontheorderofafewbytes. *
- usingatraditionalhost-centricarchitecture ,onlydevicesor
- value ,oraone
- variablecontent *
- variations *
- varietyofsecurityandprivacyconcernsalsoexistinICNs. *
- varietyofsourcesandmanufacturersiscurrentlyquitedifficult *
- variousapplicationrequirements ,especiallythecapabilityto
- variousdomains.Thesesystemsusuallyadoptaverticalsilo *
- vehicle *
- vehicles *
- verychallenging *
- violatetheprivacyofusers. *
- voltagefluctuations ,dependingonthespecificsegmentofthe
- waist *
- walking *
- weather ,numberofoccupants,etc.
- wediscusshowthecurrentIP-IoToverlayfailstomeetthese *
- weidentifyaschallengesinthissection. *
- wellasnewsystemsthatarerapidlydeployed.Thiswillmaketheir *
- wellasstationaryphysicallocations *
- weprovidediscussionofpopularIoTscenariosincludingthe *
- whenaflatnamingschemeisusedduetothelackofaggregation *
- whentheIoTnodesaremobile.Fordynamicbinding ,ICNrouters
- wherecachingwouldbebeneficialiswhendeviceswithlowduty *
- whichdataitemscanbetightlycoupledtonodesthatcanappear *
- whichenablesimportantcapabilitiessuchassubstationand *
- wideareatraffic.Localareatrafficisbetweennearbydevices. *
- widerangeofdisruptionscenariossuchascongestion ,shortorlong
- willbedrivenbyvariousstakeholderssuchasindustry ,government,
- wirelesslinkforatleast10 ,000hoursonacoincellbattery.
- wireupdatesandcloud-basedservices ,soscopingisunlikelyto
- withIP-basedoverlaysolutions *
- withbusinessITsystems ,thoughoftenwiththeadditionalsupportof
- withmanydifferentapplicationsacrossboundariesofadministration *
- withmobiledevices ,etc.
- withoutrequiringaspecificservice ,suchas
- workingdocumentsasInternet-Drafts.ThelistofcurrentInternet- *
- writteninahost-centricmannersuitableforpoint-to-point *