OpenBB-finance/OpenBBTerminal

Investment Research for Everyone, Everywhere.

Language: Python - Size: 1.95 GB - Last synced: 30 days ago - Pushed: about 1 month ago - Stars: 25,972 - Forks: 2,524

akfamily/akshare

AKShare is an elegant and simple financial data interface library for Python, built for human beings! 开源财经数据接口库

Language: Python - Size: 375 MB - Last synced: about 23 hours ago - Pushed: 1 day ago - Stars: 8,458 - Forks: 1,753

hackerkid/Mind-Expanding-Books

:books: Find your next book to read!

Language: JavaScript - Size: 2.29 MB - Last synced: 1 day ago - Pushed: 30 days ago - Stars: 11,233 - Forks: 1,077

py-why/EconML

ALICE (Automated Learning and Intelligence for Causation and Economics) is a Microsoft Research project aimed at applying Artificial Intelligence concepts to economic decision making. One of its goals is to build a toolkit that combines state-of-the-art machine learning techniques with econometrics in order to bring automation to complex causal inference problems. To date, the ALICE Python SDK (econml) implements orthogonal machine learning algorithms such as the double machine learning work of Chernozhukov et al. This toolkit is designed to measure the causal effect of some treatment variable(s) t on an outcome variable y, controlling for a set of features x.

Language: Jupyter Notebook - Size: 43.1 MB - Last synced: 22 days ago - Pushed: 25 days ago - Stars: 3,545 - Forks: 675

rsvp/fecon235

Notebooks for financial economics. Keywords: Jupyter notebook pandas Federal Reserve FRED Ferbus GDP CPI PCE inflation unemployment wage income debt Case-Shiller housing asset portfolio equities SPX bonds TIPS rates currency FX euro EUR USD JPY yen XAU gold Brent WTI oil Holt-Winters time-series forecasting statistics econometrics

Language: Jupyter Notebook - Size: 5.79 MB - Last synced: 7 days ago - Pushed: over 1 year ago - Stars: 1,088 - Forks: 326

JerBouma/FinanceToolkit

Transparent and Efficient Financial Analysis

Language: Python - Size: 123 MB - Last synced: 2 days ago - Pushed: 13 days ago - Stars: 2,397 - Forks: 307

vikjam/mostly-harmless-replication

Replication of tables and figures from "Mostly Harmless Econometrics" in Stata, R, Python and Julia.

Language: Stata - Size: 4.08 MB - Last synced: about 2 months ago - Pushed: over 1 year ago - Stars: 560 - Forks: 305

FRBNY-DSGE/DSGE.jl

Solve and estimate Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium models (including the New York Fed DSGE)

Language: Julia - Size: 2.46 GB - Last synced: 26 days ago - Pushed: about 1 month ago - Stars: 842 - Forks: 217

econ-ark/HARK

Heterogenous Agents Resources & toolKit

Language: Python - Size: 135 MB - Last synced: about 10 hours ago - Pushed: about 11 hours ago - Stars: 315 - Forks: 195

antontarasenko/awesome-economics

A curated collection of links for economists

Size: 65.4 KB - Last synced: about 21 hours ago - Pushed: 9 months ago - Stars: 1,241 - Forks: 192

JGCRI/gcam-core

GCAM -- The Global Change Analysis Model

Language: R - Size: 1.24 GB - Last synced: about 10 hours ago - Pushed: 3 days ago - Stars: 257 - Forks: 158

PolicyEngine/policyengine-us

The PolicyEngine US Python package contains a rules engine of the US tax-benefit system, and microdata generation for microsimulation analysis.

Language: Python - Size: 622 MB - Last synced: 30 days ago - Pushed: 30 days ago - Stars: 92 - Forks: 156

microsoft/0xDeCA10B

Sharing Updatable Models (SUM) on Blockchain

Language: Python - Size: 15.6 MB - Last synced: about 1 month ago - Pushed: 10 months ago - Stars: 544 - Forks: 127

aeturrell/coding-for-economists

This repository hosts the code behind the online book, Coding for Economists.

Language: Jupyter Notebook - Size: 470 MB - Last synced: about 2 months ago - Pushed: about 2 months ago - Stars: 639 - Forks: 117

zhangjunhd/reading-notes

张俊的读书笔记

Language: Jupyter Notebook - Size: 1.1 GB - Last synced: 17 days ago - Pushed: 17 days ago - Stars: 272 - Forks: 112

FelixHenninger/lab.js

Online research made easy

Language: JavaScript - Size: 20 MB - Last synced: about 1 month ago - Pushed: 2 months ago - Stars: 227 - Forks: 106

cmusam/fortune500

Fortune 500 company lists since 1955 in CSV format, mostly parsed using Beautiful Soup

Language: HTML - Size: 3.31 MB - Last synced: about 2 months ago - Pushed: about 3 years ago - Stars: 82 - Forks: 101

zhentaoshi/econ5170

Econ5170@CUHK: Computational Methods in Economics (2020 Spring).

Language: Jupyter Notebook - Size: 90.5 MB - Last synced: 6 months ago - Pushed: almost 2 years ago - Stars: 141 - Forks: 99

RDeconomist/RDeconomist.github.io

RapidCharts - a site for teaching and demonstrating Data Science and Visualisation techniques

Language: Jupyter Notebook - Size: 71.9 MB - Last synced: about 1 month ago - Pushed: 2 months ago - Stars: 5 - Forks: 79

jdingel/DingelNeiman-workathome

"How Many Jobs Can be Done at Home?" by Jonathan Dingel and Brent Neiman

Language: Stata - Size: 2.4 MB - Last synced: 7 months ago - Pushed: about 3 years ago - Stars: 96 - Forks: 77

ARPSyndicate/awesome-intelligence

A collaboratively curated list of awesome Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) Resources

Size: 413 KB - Last synced: about 21 hours ago - Pushed: 8 days ago - Stars: 1,693 - Forks: 73

srbrettle/Financial-Formulas-Library-.NET-Standard

A collection of methods for solving Finance/Accounting equations, implemented in C#.

Language: C# - Size: 106 KB - Last synced: 15 days ago - Pushed: about 2 months ago - Stars: 230 - Forks: 69

FRBNY-TimeSeriesAnalysis/Nowcasting

Nowcasting

Language: MATLAB - Size: 410 KB - Last synced: 4 months ago - Pushed: over 4 years ago - Stars: 194 - Forks: 68

Alalalalaki/Guide2EconRA

Language: HTML - Size: 1.66 MB - Last synced: about 1 month ago - Pushed: about 1 month ago - Stars: 168 - Forks: 59

skranz/RTutor

Creating interactive R Problem Sets. Automatic hints and solution checks. (Shiny or RStudio)

Language: R - Size: 6.09 MB - Last synced: 3 months ago - Pushed: 4 months ago - Stars: 198 - Forks: 57

OpenSourceEconomics/ose-course-data-science

course on data science for economists

Language: Jupyter Notebook - Size: 299 MB - Last synced: 14 days ago - Pushed: 14 days ago - Stars: 90 - Forks: 52

MathSci/fecon236

Tools for financial economics. Curated wrapper over Python ecosystem. Source code for fecon235 Jupyter notebooks.

Language: Python - Size: 363 KB - Last synced: 14 days ago - Pushed: almost 5 years ago - Stars: 121 - Forks: 50

zhouweimin-econ/QuantMacro

2018-2019 Quantitative Macroeconomics, UAB

Language: MATLAB - Size: 17.7 MB - Last synced: 10 months ago - Pushed: about 5 years ago - Stars: 58 - Forks: 49

vfitoolkit/VFIToolkit-matlab

A Matlab Toolkit for Macroeconomic Models using Value Function Iteration

Language: MATLAB - Size: 3.28 MB - Last synced: about 1 month ago - Pushed: about 1 month ago - Stars: 72 - Forks: 49

FixedEffects/FixedEffectModels.jl

Fast Estimation of Linear Models with IV and High Dimensional Categorical Variables

Language: Julia - Size: 1.96 MB - Last synced: 22 days ago - Pushed: about 1 month ago - Stars: 223 - Forks: 46

weijie-chen/Econometrics-With-Python

Tutorials of econometrics featuring Python programming. This is a crash course for reviewing the most important concepts and techniques of basic econometrics, the theories are presented lightly without hustles of derivation and Python codes are straightforward.

Language: Jupyter Notebook - Size: 23.9 MB - Last synced: about 1 year ago - Pushed: over 1 year ago - Stars: 89 - Forks: 45

tilburgsciencehub/website

Learn to work more efficiently on empirical research projects.

Language: HTML - Size: 208 MB - Last synced: about 1 month ago - Pushed: about 1 month ago - Stars: 35 - Forks: 45

wmutschl/macroeconometrics

Course on Macroeconometrics (graduate level)

Language: Matlab - Size: 162 MB - Last synced: 12 days ago - Pushed: about 2 years ago - Stars: 49 - Forks: 42

omercadopopular/cgoes

Research by Carlos Góes

Language: Jupyter Notebook - Size: 663 MB - Last synced: 3 months ago - Pushed: 3 months ago - Stars: 141 - Forks: 42

QuantEcon/lecture-julia.myst

Lecture source for "Quantitative Economics with Julia"

Language: TeX - Size: 304 MB - Last synced: 1 day ago - Pushed: about 1 month ago - Stars: 43 - Forks: 42

wmutschl/dsge

Course on Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE): Models, Solution, Estimation (graduate level)

Language: MATLAB - Size: 235 MB - Last synced: 12 days ago - Pushed: about 2 years ago - Stars: 70 - Forks: 41

nlpaueb/edgar-crawler

The only open-source toolkit that can download EDGAR financial reports and extract textual data from specific item sections into nice and clean JSON files.

Language: Python - Size: 13.4 MB - Last synced: 7 months ago - Pushed: 9 months ago - Stars: 138 - Forks: 41

matthieugomez/EconPDEs.jl

Solve non-linear HJB equations.

Language: Julia - Size: 1.76 MB - Last synced: 16 days ago - Pushed: 12 months ago - Stars: 113 - Forks: 39

QuantEcon/lecture-python.myst

Quantitative Economics with Python

Language: Jupyter Notebook - Size: 2.77 GB - Last synced: 1 day ago - Pushed: 5 days ago - Stars: 77 - Forks: 39

saisrivatsan/deep-opt-auctions

Implementation of Optimal Auctions through Deep Learning

Language: Jupyter Notebook - Size: 3.89 MB - Last synced: about 2 months ago - Pushed: over 4 years ago - Stars: 98 - Forks: 37

vkoul/Econ-Data-Science

Articles/ Journals and Videos related to Economics:chart_with_upwards_trend: and Data Science :bar_chart:

Language: HTML - Size: 707 KB - Last synced: about 2 months ago - Pushed: almost 2 years ago - Stars: 120 - Forks: 31

euclidjda/value-investing-studies

Data Analysis Studies on Value Investing

Language: R - Size: 2.79 MB - Last synced: 25 days ago - Pushed: over 2 years ago - Stars: 78 - Forks: 31

dkgaraujo/OpenSourcedMacroModels

A best-efforts collection of open-sourced macroeconomic models run by central banks and other official sector agencies (ie, ministries of economy)

Size: 76.2 KB - Last synced: about 1 month ago - Pushed: about 1 month ago - Stars: 111 - Forks: 31

OpenSourceEconomics/respy

Framework for the simulation and estimation of some finite-horizon discrete choice dynamic programming models.

Language: Python - Size: 123 MB - Last synced: 14 days ago - Pushed: 14 days ago - Stars: 74 - Forks: 31

MajesticKhan/Nowcasting-Python

Python Nowcasting

Language: Python - Size: 523 KB - Last synced: 4 months ago - Pushed: over 3 years ago - Stars: 95 - Forks: 30

7astro7/full_fred

Full Python interface to Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED)

Language: Python - Size: 811 KB - Last synced: about 1 month ago - Pushed: over 2 years ago - Stars: 94 - Forks: 27

davidrpugh/pyBEA

Python package for downloading data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) data API.

Language: Python - Size: 164 KB - Last synced: 15 days ago - Pushed: about 3 years ago - Stars: 66 - Forks: 27

OliverSherouse/bls

A Python library for the Bureau of Labor Statistics API

Language: Python - Size: 303 KB - Last synced: 4 days ago - Pushed: about 4 years ago - Stars: 80 - Forks: 26

systemaccounting/mxfactorial

a payment application intended for deployment by the united states treasury that replaces banking with accounting

Language: Rust - Size: 6.56 MB - Last synced: 3 days ago - Pushed: 4 days ago - Stars: 44 - Forks: 26

dysonance/Temporal.jl

Time series implementation for the Julia language focused on efficiency and flexibility

Language: Julia - Size: 3.08 MB - Last synced: 16 days ago - Pushed: about 1 year ago - Stars: 99 - Forks: 25

QuantEcon/lecture-python-programming.myst

Python Programming for Finance and Economics

Language: JavaScript - Size: 220 MB - Last synced: about 1 month ago - Pushed: about 2 months ago - Stars: 40 - Forks: 24

QuantEcon/book-networks-public

Companion Site for Economic Networks: Theory and Computation

Language: CSS - Size: 57.7 MB - Last synced: less than a minute ago - Pushed: 25 days ago - Stars: 84 - Forks: 24

cid-harvard/py-ecomplexity

Python package to compute economic complexity and associated variables

Language: Python - Size: 156 KB - Last synced: 13 days ago - Pushed: 13 days ago - Stars: 62 - Forks: 24

RJDennis/SolveDSGE.jl

A Julia package to solve, simulate, and analyze nonlinear DSGE models.

Language: Julia - Size: 1.38 MB - Last synced: 7 days ago - Pushed: 7 days ago - Stars: 76 - Forks: 23

Polkadot-Blockchain-Academy/pba-book

The materials used in the Polkadot Blockchain Academy

Language: CSS - Size: 138 MB - Last synced: 20 days ago - Pushed: 5 months ago - Stars: 86 - Forks: 23

aeturrell/occupationcoder

Given a job title and job description, the algorithm assigns a standard occupational classification (SOC) code to the job.

Language: Python - Size: 1.61 MB - Last synced: 10 days ago - Pushed: 11 months ago - Stars: 70 - Forks: 23

matteocourthoud/Machine-Learning-for-Economic-Analysis

Material for the exercise sessions of master course Machine Learning for Economic Analysis @UZH

Language: Jupyter Notebook - Size: 89.7 MB - Last synced: about 1 year ago - Pushed: about 2 years ago - Stars: 44 - Forks: 23

palewire/cpi

Quickly adjust U.S. dollars for inflation using the Consumer Price Index (CPI)

Language: Jupyter Notebook - Size: 247 MB - Last synced: 11 days ago - Pushed: 12 days ago - Stars: 127 - Forks: 23

PolicyEngine/policyengine-uk

The UK's only open-source static tax-benefit microsimulation model.

Language: Python - Size: 352 MB - Last synced: 29 days ago - Pushed: about 1 month ago - Stars: 21 - Forks: 21

rdahis/paper_template

Template repository for research papers.

Language: TeX - Size: 1.28 MB - Last synced: about 1 year ago - Pushed: over 1 year ago - Stars: 79 - Forks: 21

INET-Complexity/housing-model

Agent-based model of the UK housing market.

Language: Java - Size: 24.7 MB - Last synced: about 1 year ago - Pushed: over 2 years ago - Stars: 29 - Forks: 21

FRBNY-DSGE/SMC.jl

Sequential Monte Carlo algorithm for approximation of posterior distributions.

Language: Julia - Size: 114 MB - Last synced: 17 days ago - Pushed: almost 2 years ago - Stars: 66 - Forks: 20

jhconning/Dev-II

For 'Economics Development II' PhD seminar at CUNY Graduate Center. (older site) Generates docs at:

Language: Jupyter Notebook - Size: 31.3 MB - Last synced: about 1 year ago - Pushed: almost 2 years ago - Stars: 36 - Forks: 19

jmboehm/RegressionTables.jl

Journal-style regression tables

Language: Julia - Size: 982 KB - Last synced: 7 days ago - Pushed: 7 days ago - Stars: 130 - Forks: 19

QuantEcon/lecture-datascience.myst

Source repository for QuantEcon Datascience

Language: TeX - Size: 412 MB - Last synced: 1 day ago - Pushed: 15 days ago - Stars: 26 - Forks: 18

QuantEcon/lecture-python-advanced.myst

Advanced Quantitative Economics with Python

Language: TeX - Size: 415 MB - Last synced: 1 day ago - Pushed: 11 days ago - Stars: 21 - Forks: 17

datacarpentry/stata-economics

Economics Lesson with Stata

Language: Makefile - Size: 17.1 MB - Last synced: about 1 year ago - Pushed: over 2 years ago - Stars: 19 - Forks: 17

FanWangEcon/Math4Econ

Mathematics for Economists (Matlab Live Codes)

Language: MATLAB - Size: 62.9 MB - Last synced: about 1 year ago - Pushed: about 3 years ago - Stars: 37 - Forks: 17

uwol/computational-economy

An agent-based computational economy with macroeconomic equilibria from microeconomic behaviors

Language: Java - Size: 1.47 MB - Last synced: about 1 month ago - Pushed: about 1 month ago - Stars: 93 - Forks: 16

mfarragher/appelpy

Applied Econometrics Library for Python

Language: Python - Size: 437 KB - Last synced: 3 months ago - Pushed: about 4 years ago - Stars: 167 - Forks: 16

leirock/Empirical-IO 📦

Matlab codes for CUHK empirical IO course

Language: MATLAB - Size: 46.5 MB - Last synced: about 1 year ago - Pushed: about 2 years ago - Stars: 5 - Forks: 16

OpenSourceEconomics/ose-course-scientific-computing 📦

course on the basics of scientific computing for economists

Language: Jupyter Notebook - Size: 7.75 MB - Last synced: 28 days ago - Pushed: over 1 year ago - Stars: 25 - Forks: 16

emergent-analytics/workstreams

This repository publishes notebooks created as part of an analysis of the 2020 COVID-19 crisis onto the economy, performed by a team of data scientists from IBM and Rolls-Royce for Emergent Alliance.

Language: Jupyter Notebook - Size: 32.3 MB - Last synced: 4 months ago - Pushed: 9 months ago - Stars: 11 - Forks: 15

asjadnaqvi/climate-econ

A repository for tracking developments in the climate/environmental/ecological economics literature

Language: TeX - Size: 626 KB - Last synced: 4 months ago - Pushed: over 1 year ago - Stars: 55 - Forks: 15

FanWangEcon/R4Econ

R Code Examples Multi-dimensional/Panel Data

Language: R - Size: 124 MB - Last synced: 4 months ago - Pushed: 4 months ago - Stars: 20 - Forks: 15

QuantEcon/lecture-python-intro

An Undergraduate Lecture Series for the Foundations of Computational Economics

Language: Jupyter Notebook - Size: 388 MB - Last synced: about 11 hours ago - Pushed: about 12 hours ago - Stars: 33 - Forks: 15

evanjflack/bacondecomp

Bacon-Goodman decomposition for differences-in-differences with variation in treatment timing.

Language: Jupyter Notebook - Size: 2.06 MB - Last synced: 12 months ago - Pushed: over 2 years ago - Stars: 39 - Forks: 15

esantorella/binscatter

Language: Python - Size: 15.6 KB - Last synced: about 2 months ago - Pushed: about 1 year ago - Stars: 20 - Forks: 14

ericschulman/struct

Code for UTexas Structural Econometrics and IO

Language: Jupyter Notebook - Size: 6.22 MB - Last synced: 12 months ago - Pushed: about 3 years ago - Stars: 17 - Forks: 14

skranz/MarketAnalysis

Market Analysis Course with Interactive RTutor Problemsets, Videos and Quizzes

Language: HTML - Size: 6.13 MB - Last synced: about 1 year ago - Pushed: almost 4 years ago - Stars: 34 - Forks: 14

AB-CE/abcFinance

Agent-based computational Finance

Language: Python - Size: 167 KB - Last synced: 17 days ago - Pushed: over 1 year ago - Stars: 32 - Forks: 13

oguerrer/PPI4SD

Data and code repository for the project Policy Priority Inference for Sustainable Development

Language: Jupyter Notebook - Size: 18 MB - Last synced: 4 months ago - Pushed: about 3 years ago - Stars: 20 - Forks: 13

cverluise/PatCit

Making Patent Citations Uncool Again

Language: Jupyter Notebook - Size: 24.8 MB - Last synced: 19 days ago - Pushed: 11 months ago - Stars: 103 - Forks: 13

mini-kep/parser-rosstat-kep

Provide clean macroeconomic time series as CSV files at stable URL

Language: Python - Size: 16 MB - Last synced: 7 months ago - Pushed: over 5 years ago - Stars: 13 - Forks: 13

FanWangEcon/Stat4Econ

Introductory Statistics for Economists (Undergraduate Intro Course)

Language: R - Size: 11.3 MB - Last synced: about 1 year ago - Pushed: over 3 years ago - Stars: 14 - Forks: 12

Economic-Crisis/Public-releases

Official repository of EC. Bug Reporter! Take it and download it! Find and describe!

Language: Lua - Size: 1.3 GB - Last synced: 16 days ago - Pushed: over 1 year ago - Stars: 37 - Forks: 12

QuantGov/quantgov

The QuantGov Library

Language: Python - Size: 13.1 MB - Last synced: about 1 month ago - Pushed: over 1 year ago - Stars: 30 - Forks: 12

lachlandeer/snakemake-econ-r

reproducible research project template for R using Renv and snakemake with an econ application

Language: R - Size: 886 KB - Last synced: 10 months ago - Pushed: about 2 years ago - Stars: 50 - Forks: 12

gboehl/econpizza

Solve nonlinear heterogeneous agent models

Language: Python - Size: 6.71 MB - Last synced: about 5 hours ago - Pushed: about 6 hours ago - Stars: 62 - Forks: 12

piersyork/owidR

An R Package for Importing Data from Our World in Data

Language: R - Size: 2.66 MB - Last synced: 30 days ago - Pushed: 2 months ago - Stars: 114 - Forks: 12

lbittarello/Microeconometrics.jl

Microeconometric estimation in Julia

Language: Julia - Size: 1.19 MB - Last synced: 16 days ago - Pushed: about 3 years ago - Stars: 30 - Forks: 11

apayne19/DoubleAuctionMarket

Experimental Market Simulations & Trader Strategy Evaluation

Language: Python - Size: 13.7 MB - Last synced: 7 months ago - Pushed: about 5 years ago - Stars: 34 - Forks: 11

INET-Complexity/ESL

​The Economic Simulation Library provides an extensive collection of tools to develop, test, analyse and calibrate economic and financial agent-based models. The library is designed to take advantage of different computer architectures. In order to facilitate rapid iteration during model development the library can use parallel computation. Economic models developed using the library can be deployed into large-scale distributed computing environments when working with large model instances and datasets and provides routines to set up large-scale sampling computations during the analysis and calibration process.

Language: C++ - Size: 1.46 MB - Last synced: 13 days ago - Pushed: almost 2 years ago - Stars: 53 - Forks: 11

stephenbnicar/BeaData.jl

A Julia interface for retrieving data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA).

Language: Julia - Size: 367 KB - Last synced: 16 days ago - Pushed: over 1 year ago - Stars: 19 - Forks: 11

gnosis/gnosis-exchange

Allows trading of any token pair with an on-chain market maker. Exchange rates serve as price oracle.

Language: JavaScript - Size: 18.6 KB - Last synced: about 1 year ago - Pushed: about 7 years ago - Stars: 12 - Forks: 11

lphansen/TenuousBeliefs

Language: Python - Size: 26.9 MB - Last synced: 7 months ago - Pushed: over 4 years ago - Stars: 5 - Forks: 11

michaelewens/Intangible-capital-stocks

Parameters for intangible capital accumulation and data on intangible stocks (Ewens, Peters and Wang (2020))

Language: Python - Size: 31.7 MB - Last synced: 7 months ago - Pushed: 7 months ago - Stars: 12 - Forks: 11

crondonm/TrackingR

Python code for "Tracking R of COVID-19 A New Real-Time Estimation Using the Kalman Filter".

Language: Python - Size: 7.18 GB - Last synced: about 1 year ago - Pushed: over 1 year ago - Stars: 27 - Forks: 11

SuperGamblino/SuperGamblino

This is a DSharpPlus open source discord gambling bot

Language: C# - Size: 11.7 MB - Last synced: 12 months ago - Pushed: about 1 year ago - Stars: 18 - Forks: 10

michaelwooley/gertlerKiyotaki2015

Solution to model of Gertler and Kiyotaki (AER, 2015)

Language: Matlab - Size: 2.79 MB - Last synced: about 1 year ago - Pushed: almost 7 years ago - Stars: 6 - Forks: 10