An open API service providing repository metadata for many open source software ecosystems.

Topic: "collaborative-editing"

yjs/yjs

Shared data types for building collaborative software

Language: JavaScript - Size: 69.7 MB - Last synced at: 3 days ago - Pushed at: 3 days ago - Stars: 19,113 - Forks: 665

ether/etherpad-lite

Etherpad: A modern really-real-time collaborative document editor.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 40.4 MB - Last synced at: 3 days ago - Pushed at: 6 days ago - Stars: 17,384 - Forks: 2,926

cryptpad/cryptpad

Collaborative office suite, end-to-end encrypted and open-source.

Language: JavaScript - Size: 520 MB - Last synced at: 6 days ago - Pushed at: 6 days ago - Stars: 6,262 - Forks: 700

loro-dev/loro

Make your JSON data collaborative and version-controlled with CRDTs

Language: Rust - Size: 12 MB - Last synced at: 15 days ago - Pushed at: 15 days ago - Stars: 4,605 - Forks: 98

ekzhang/rustpad

Efficient and minimal collaborative code editor, self-hosted, no database required

Language: Rust - Size: 327 KB - Last synced at: 28 days ago - Pushed at: 3 months ago - Stars: 3,677 - Forks: 162

atom/teletype 📦

Share your workspace with team members and collaborate on code in real time in Atom

Language: JavaScript - Size: 1.59 MB - Last synced at: 18 days ago - Pushed at: about 2 years ago - Stars: 2,406 - Forks: 324

fantasticit/think

云策文档是一款开源知识管理工具。通过独立的知识库空间,结构化地组织在线协作文档,实现知识的积累与沉淀,促进知识的复用与流通。

Language: TypeScript - Size: 7.29 MB - Last synced at: 7 days ago - Pushed at: about 2 months ago - Stars: 2,094 - Forks: 400

michelson/Dante

Just another Medium wysiwyg editor clone

Language: JavaScript - Size: 22.3 MB - Last synced at: 14 days ago - Pushed at: 7 months ago - Stars: 2,029 - Forks: 188

josephg/diamond-types

The world's fastest CRDT. WIP.

Language: Rust - Size: 18.1 MB - Last synced at: 9 days ago - Pushed at: 6 months ago - Stars: 1,663 - Forks: 33

ueberdosis/hocuspocus

The CRDT Yjs WebSocket backend for conflict-free real-time collaboration in your app.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 20.6 MB - Last synced at: 6 days ago - Pushed at: 7 days ago - Stars: 1,620 - Forks: 143

subethaedit/SubEthaEdit

General purpose plain text editor for macOS. Widely known for its live collaboration feature.

Language: Objective-C - Size: 140 MB - Last synced at: 30 days ago - Pushed at: almost 2 years ago - Stars: 1,396 - Forks: 114

jbyuki/instant.nvim

collaborative editing in Neovim using built-in capabilities

Language: Lua - Size: 695 KB - Last synced at: 3 days ago - Pushed at: over 2 years ago - Stars: 1,343 - Forks: 26

textbus/textbus

Textbus 是一个组件化的、数据驱动的富文本框架,支持在线协同编辑,拥有非常好的扩展性和可定制性,可使用 Viewfly、Vue 或 React 直接渲染富文本,是构建复杂富文本的不二之选!

Language: TypeScript - Size: 5.99 MB - Last synced at: 7 days ago - Pushed at: about 2 months ago - Stars: 1,308 - Forks: 140

rocicorp/replicache

Realtime Sync for Any Backend Stack

Size: 18.5 MB - Last synced at: 24 days ago - Pushed at: about 3 years ago - Stars: 1,129 - Forks: 38

streamich/json-joy

json-joy is a library that implements cutting-edge real-time and collaborative editing algorithms and utilities for JSON data models, with a focus on developing the JSON CRDT (Conflict-free Replicated Data Type) specification and implementation.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 154 MB - Last synced at: 3 days ago - Pushed at: 3 days ago - Stars: 856 - Forks: 17

atom/teletype-crdt 📦

String-wise sequence CRDT powering peer-to-peer collaborative editing in Teletype for Atom.

Language: JavaScript - Size: 545 KB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: over 2 years ago - Stars: 754 - Forks: 78

YousefED/Matrix-CRDT

Use Matrix as a backend for local-first applications with the Matrix-CRDT Yjs provider.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 5.55 MB - Last synced at: 29 days ago - Pushed at: about 1 year ago - Stars: 745 - Forks: 33

typeintandem/tandem

Typing in Tandem. Decentralized, cross-editor, collaborative text-editing!

Language: Python - Size: 10.7 MB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: about 2 years ago - Stars: 697 - Forks: 20

nextcloud/text

📑 Collaborative document editing using Markdown

Language: JavaScript - Size: 2.11 GB - Last synced at: 1 day ago - Pushed at: 1 day ago - Stars: 576 - Forks: 94

LER0ever/EverVim 📦

A Modern, Powerful & Modular Vim Distribution | Archived, see notice: https://ry.sb/evervim-archive

Language: Vim script - Size: 438 KB - Last synced at: 6 months ago - Pushed at: about 4 years ago - Stars: 567 - Forks: 70

BitPhinix/slate-yjs

Yjs binding for Slate

Language: TypeScript - Size: 192 MB - Last synced at: 2 days ago - Pushed at: 11 months ago - Stars: 534 - Forks: 73

ekzhang/composing.studio

Collaborative music composition for everyone.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 1.11 MB - Last synced at: 7 months ago - Pushed at: almost 2 years ago - Stars: 525 - Forks: 12

vincentdchan/blocky-editor

A Notion-like editor built with blocks.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 3.28 MB - Last synced at: 8 days ago - Pushed at: over 1 year ago - Stars: 464 - Forks: 24

cudr/slate-collaborative

slatejs collaborative plugin & microservice https://slate-collaborative.herokuapp.com/

Language: TypeScript - Size: 189 KB - Last synced at: 4 days ago - Pushed at: over 1 year ago - Stars: 385 - Forks: 45

eonist/How-to-collaborate-on-github

A mini book about collaborating on GitHub

Size: 138 KB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: almost 6 years ago - Stars: 383 - Forks: 24

ethersync/ethersync

A system for editor-agnostic, real-time collaborative editing of local text files.

Language: Rust - Size: 2.39 MB - Last synced at: 7 days ago - Pushed at: 3 months ago - Stars: 334 - Forks: 10

munshkr/flok

Web-based P2P collaborative editor for live coding sounds and images

Language: TypeScript - Size: 15 MB - Last synced at: 9 days ago - Pushed at: 9 days ago - Stars: 326 - Forks: 49

archagon/crdt-playground

Language: Swift - Size: 13.4 MB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: over 5 years ago - Stars: 298 - Forks: 20

reedsy/quill-cursors

A multi cursor module for Quill text editor.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 919 KB - Last synced at: 27 days ago - Pushed at: 4 months ago - Stars: 256 - Forks: 51

tableaunoir/tableaunoir

An online blackboard 🖉 with fridge magnets 🌈🧲 for teaching, and making animations 🏃 and presentations ⎚. All of that in a lightweight user interface, and without coding.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 12.2 MB - Last synced at: 2 months ago - Pushed at: 5 months ago - Stars: 187 - Forks: 30

ekzhang/rushlight

Real-time collaborative code editing on your own infrastructure

Language: TypeScript - Size: 117 KB - Last synced at: 8 days ago - Pushed at: about 1 month ago - Stars: 186 - Forks: 11

AlexITC/collabuml

A collaborative UML editor; build with etherpad and plantuml

Language: JavaScript - Size: 126 KB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: 11 months ago - Stars: 170 - Forks: 4

yjs/ycs

A compatible .Net implementation of the Yjs CRDT framework.

Language: C# - Size: 2.96 MB - Last synced at: 10 days ago - Pushed at: over 1 year ago - Stars: 154 - Forks: 15

we-miks/collaborative-editor

A collaborative editor that supports authorship display, image uploading placeholder and CJK characters composition based on Quill and ShareDB.

Language: JavaScript - Size: 1.11 MB - Last synced at: 1 day ago - Pushed at: about 2 years ago - Stars: 142 - Forks: 33

becomingbabyman/cause

An EDN-like CRDT (Causal Tree) for Clojure & ClojureScript that automatically tracks history and resolves conflicts.

Language: Clojure - Size: 1.75 MB - Last synced at: about 5 hours ago - Pushed at: over 2 years ago - Stars: 142 - Forks: 9

Musicoll/Kiwi

:kiwi_fruit: Realtime collaborative audio patching

Language: C++ - Size: 98.8 MB - Last synced at: about 2 months ago - Pushed at: over 5 years ago - Stars: 139 - Forks: 11

pedrosanta/quill-sharedb-cursors

Collaborative editing with multi cursors sync using Quill and ShareDB.

Language: JavaScript - Size: 136 KB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: over 7 years ago - Stars: 138 - Forks: 19

coast-team/mute

a scalable collaborative document editor with CRDT, P2P and E2EE

Language: TypeScript - Size: 19.9 MB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: over 1 year ago - Stars: 133 - Forks: 17

kbadk/json0-ot-diff

Finds differences between two JSON object and generates operational transformation (OT) operations for transforming the first object into the second according to the JSON0 OT Type.

Language: JavaScript - Size: 43 KB - Last synced at: 7 days ago - Pushed at: over 2 years ago - Stars: 133 - Forks: 16

amishne/mipui

Online collaborative map editor for role-playing games.

Language: JavaScript - Size: 30.8 MB - Last synced at: 5 months ago - Pushed at: over 2 years ago - Stars: 128 - Forks: 32

nextcloud/collectives

Collectives is a Nextcloud App for activist and community projects to organize together.

Language: JavaScript - Size: 19.7 MB - Last synced at: 6 days ago - Pushed at: 6 days ago - Stars: 122 - Forks: 24

burntcarrot/pairpad

A collaborative text editor using CRDTs and WebSockets. Lightweight, easy-to-setup.

Language: Go - Size: 1.62 MB - Last synced at: 1 day ago - Pushed at: almost 2 years ago - Stars: 119 - Forks: 11

oleg-koval/counter-interview.dev

a collaborative collection of interview questions collected from both sides of the game: Interviewer(s) and Interviewee.

Language: SCSS - Size: 207 KB - Last synced at: 3 days ago - Pushed at: 9 months ago - Stars: 112 - Forks: 9

igniterealtime/pade

Pàdé (Yoruba word for Meet) is a browser extension (Chrome/Edge) based unified communications desktop client for Openfire.

Language: Go - Size: 1.12 GB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: 5 months ago - Stars: 106 - Forks: 48

youknowriad/asblocks

Share content as blocks

Language: JavaScript - Size: 2.07 MB - Last synced at: 23 days ago - Pushed at: almost 4 years ago - Stars: 97 - Forks: 10

1j01/mopaint

🎨🩸🔥🧞 Modern, modular painting program... (early stages)

Language: JavaScript - Size: 5.72 MB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: 4 months ago - Stars: 96 - Forks: 13

y-crdt/yrb

Ruby bindings for yrs.

Language: Ruby - Size: 1.78 MB - Last synced at: 20 days ago - Pushed at: 21 days ago - Stars: 89 - Forks: 5

pluv-io/pluv

Multi-platform, type-safe realtime packages

Language: TypeScript - Size: 13 MB - Last synced at: 3 days ago - Pushed at: 3 days ago - Stars: 83 - Forks: 2

0xTheProDev/Operational-Transformation

A collection of Algorithms to Synchronise changes across multiple clients using Operational Transformation

Language: TypeScript - Size: 3.27 MB - Last synced at: 10 days ago - Pushed at: 13 days ago - Stars: 76 - Forks: 11

doyensec/PoiEx

🌐 Visualize and explore IaC ✒️ Create and share notes in VS Code 🤝 Sync notes and findings in real-time with friends

Language: TypeScript - Size: 3.28 MB - Last synced at: 9 days ago - Pushed at: over 1 year ago - Stars: 72 - Forks: 2

pierre-lgb/slashwriter

App for editing and sharing documents online, with a Notion-like block-based collaborative editor.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 19.9 MB - Last synced at: about 1 year ago - Pushed at: over 1 year ago - Stars: 70 - Forks: 8

briandominick/codewriting

Source for Codewriting (book) and the Codewriting/Code the Docs (site/blog)

Language: JavaScript - Size: 13.3 MB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: over 2 years ago - Stars: 52 - Forks: 12

ContinualAI/wiki

ContinualAI Wiki: a collaborative wiki on Continual/Lifelong Machine Learning

Size: 11.3 MB - Last synced at: about 23 hours ago - Pushed at: almost 3 years ago - Stars: 49 - Forks: 11

Grasia/teem

Teem is a web tool and mobile app for collaboration in communities, which facilitates onboarding of newcomers

Language: JavaScript - Size: 11.8 MB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: almost 7 years ago - Stars: 49 - Forks: 25

chili-epfl/collab-react-components

React components for collaborative editing: text, rich text, and complex forms

Language: JavaScript - Size: 160 MB - Last synced at: 5 months ago - Pushed at: over 7 years ago - Stars: 49 - Forks: 13

josephg/editing-traces

Real world text editing traces for benchmarking CRDT and Rope data structures

Language: JavaScript - Size: 8.27 MB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: over 1 year ago - Stars: 46 - Forks: 2

AashishRichhariya/openleaf

openleaf is a minimalist, browser-based text editor that lets you start writing instantly without signup, downloads, or configuration. Just go to any URL and start typing!

Language: TypeScript - Size: 276 KB - Last synced at: 6 days ago - Pushed at: 6 days ago - Stars: 45 - Forks: 3

lambsteak/collab-ide

An online real-time collaborative IDE for teams to work together efficiently in a fast-paced project.

Language: HTML - Size: 1.87 MB - Last synced at: 3 days ago - Pushed at: over 7 years ago - Stars: 41 - Forks: 5

lostintangent/kyte

A single-command CLI for sharing and collaboratively editing a file in real-time

Language: JavaScript - Size: 3.06 MB - Last synced at: 1 day ago - Pushed at: almost 5 years ago - Stars: 40 - Forks: 5

Collaborne/remirror-yjs-webrtc-demo 📦

Language: TypeScript - Size: 5.78 MB - Last synced at: about 14 hours ago - Pushed at: almost 4 years ago - Stars: 39 - Forks: 4

live-editor/live-editor

Real-time collaboration editing service with integrated editor component.

Language: JavaScript - Size: 319 KB - Last synced at: about 18 hours ago - Pushed at: over 3 years ago - Stars: 35 - Forks: 11

Brktrlw/django-admin-collaborator

Real-time collaborative editing for Django admin with WebSockets

Language: JavaScript - Size: 3.76 MB - Last synced at: 9 days ago - Pushed at: 9 days ago - Stars: 34 - Forks: 0

Immortalin/slate-operational-transform 📦

Slate Operational Transform Demo (used in production at Narration Box)

Language: JavaScript - Size: 1.14 MB - Last synced at: almost 2 years ago - Pushed at: almost 5 years ago - Stars: 34 - Forks: 1

statamic/collaboration

Real-time, multi-user editing with Statamic via websockets

Language: JavaScript - Size: 379 KB - Last synced at: 2 days ago - Pushed at: 3 months ago - Stars: 32 - Forks: 13

dogweather/forkful

An open-content programming cookbook. A responsible use of AI proof of concept. Collaborative, polyglot and multilingual.

Language: Ruby - Size: 213 MB - Last synced at: 2 days ago - Pushed at: about 1 year ago - Stars: 31 - Forks: 8

xuwaters/editor.sh 📦

Yet another live programming environment for collaborative code editing and running.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 3.36 MB - Last synced at: 3 months ago - Pushed at: almost 6 years ago - Stars: 31 - Forks: 2

nicktogo/coeditor

Yet Another Pair Programming Package for Atom.

Language: JavaScript - Size: 2.18 MB - Last synced at: almost 2 years ago - Pushed at: over 7 years ago - Stars: 30 - Forks: 3

mountainflo/collaborative-text-editor

Collaborative Realtime Texteditor with gRPC

Language: JavaScript - Size: 465 KB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: about 2 years ago - Stars: 29 - Forks: 5

starwiz-7/codestream

A web app for users to collaborate while solving a coding problem :)

Language: JavaScript - Size: 1.49 MB - Last synced at: about 2 years ago - Pushed at: about 3 years ago - Stars: 29 - Forks: 9

abhishekgahlot/gutenberg-rtc

P2P WebRTC based encrypted data transfer between peers.

Language: JavaScript - Size: 85 KB - Last synced at: almost 2 years ago - Pushed at: almost 8 years ago - Stars: 28 - Forks: 2

FarhadG/mesh-code-editor

:black_nib: A sleek, real-time & collaborative online code editor for HTML, CSS, and JavaScript

Language: CSS - Size: 618 KB - Last synced at: 27 days ago - Pushed at: over 9 years ago - Stars: 28 - Forks: 6

Someone0nEarth/excalidraw-self-hosted

A docker-compose configuration for a fully self-hosted excalidraw stack, a collaborative whiteboard solution

Size: 11.7 KB - Last synced at: 8 months ago - Pushed at: 8 months ago - Stars: 26 - Forks: 5

decentralized-hse/collab-edit

Edit text in collaboration!

Language: Kotlin - Size: 170 KB - Last synced at: about 2 years ago - Pushed at: almost 4 years ago - Stars: 26 - Forks: 0

Vertexvis/collaboration-demo

Collaborate on 3D models in real-time using the Vertex Platform.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 927 KB - Last synced at: 10 months ago - Pushed at: 10 months ago - Stars: 24 - Forks: 7

boostcampwm-2022/web16-Codocs

✍️ 함께 쓰는 공동 문서, Codocs

Language: TypeScript - Size: 1.25 MB - Last synced at: over 1 year ago - Pushed at: about 2 years ago - Stars: 23 - Forks: 0

SilentTiger/quill-delta-enhanced Fork of slab/delta

quill-delta with delta embed support

Language: JavaScript - Size: 341 KB - Last synced at: 19 days ago - Pushed at: over 4 years ago - Stars: 22 - Forks: 1

zzkt/ethermacs

An Emacs interface for editing Etherpad pads

Language: Emacs Lisp - Size: 689 KB - Last synced at: 6 days ago - Pushed at: almost 2 years ago - Stars: 21 - Forks: 3

molikto/CherryTree 📦

A collaborative structural editor for structured rich document with VIM-like keybindings

Language: Scala - Size: 2.32 MB - Last synced at: almost 2 years ago - Pushed at: over 5 years ago - Stars: 18 - Forks: 2

coast-team/mute-structs

MUTE-structs is a Typescript library that provides an implementation of the LogootSplit CRDT algorithm.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 1.55 MB - Last synced at: 9 days ago - Pushed at: over 2 years ago - Stars: 17 - Forks: 5

waitingcheung/blockpad

Real-time Collaborative Rich Text Editor powered by Blockchain

Language: JavaScript - Size: 43.9 KB - Last synced at: about 1 year ago - Pushed at: over 7 years ago - Stars: 16 - Forks: 6

agno3xzy/Online-Docs 📦

Online collaborative editing webapp

Language: Java - Size: 554 KB - Last synced at: almost 2 years ago - Pushed at: about 5 years ago - Stars: 15 - Forks: 3

markandre13/workflow

A collaborative real-time white- and kanban board

Language: TypeScript - Size: 1.87 MB - Last synced at: 26 days ago - Pushed at: 5 months ago - Stars: 14 - Forks: 1

zjunlp/OneEdit

OneEdit: A Neural-Symbolic Collaboratively Knowledge Editing System.

Language: Python - Size: 826 KB - Last synced at: 8 months ago - Pushed at: 8 months ago - Stars: 14 - Forks: 0

jscheid/tandem-emacs 📦

Emacs Plugin for Tandem

Language: Emacs Lisp - Size: 29.3 KB - Last synced at: about 2 years ago - Pushed at: about 7 years ago - Stars: 14 - Forks: 1

meatflavourdev/legendary-octo-chainsaw

A real-time collaborative diagram editor and document library that enables users to chat, create, & communicate visually in real-time. (CAUTION: This is alpha software)

Language: JavaScript - Size: 11 MB - Last synced at: about 1 year ago - Pushed at: about 1 year ago - Stars: 13 - Forks: 7

jxm35/livecode.nvim

Live collaborative coding in Neovim, written 100% in lua.

Language: Lua - Size: 19.3 MB - Last synced at: about 1 year ago - Pushed at: over 1 year ago - Stars: 13 - Forks: 0

danloh/mdSilo-spc

Self-hosted online writing platform comes as a single executable with feed reader, publishing and live collaboration.

Language: Rust - Size: 2.36 MB - Last synced at: 29 days ago - Pushed at: over 1 year ago - Stars: 13 - Forks: 2

nsreed/ouronote

Real-time collaborative whiteboard web app built with Angular, GUN, and paper.js.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 13.1 MB - Last synced at: almost 2 years ago - Pushed at: about 2 years ago - Stars: 13 - Forks: 1

adityamukho/hivemind 📦

A collaborative (in real-time), version-controlled mind map.

Language: JavaScript - Size: 1.79 MB - Last synced at: about 1 year ago - Pushed at: about 2 years ago - Stars: 13 - Forks: 4

BrotherJing/scalable-ot

A scalable concurrent collaboration framework based on Operational Transformation (OT)

Language: TypeScript - Size: 388 KB - Last synced at: about 1 year ago - Pushed at: over 2 years ago - Stars: 13 - Forks: 2

phedkvist/crdt-woot

Implementation of collaborative editing algorithm CRDT WOOT.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 1.7 MB - Last synced at: about 2 years ago - Pushed at: about 3 years ago - Stars: 13 - Forks: 1

tilderain/pxEdit

A collaborative editor for Studio Pixel games (Kero Blaster, Guxt, Haru To Shura)

Language: Python - Size: 9.63 MB - Last synced at: about 24 hours ago - Pushed at: 1 day ago - Stars: 12 - Forks: 0

KshitijTodkar48/Google-Docs-Clone

This project is a clone of 'Google Docs', designed to provide a collaborative document editing experience similar to Google Docs. It allows multiple users to create, edit, and collaborate on documents in real-time.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 98.6 KB - Last synced at: 9 months ago - Pushed at: 9 months ago - Stars: 12 - Forks: 4

maca/ace-crdt

Colaborative text editor proof of concept using CRDT

Language: JavaScript - Size: 4.84 MB - Last synced at: about 2 years ago - Pushed at: over 2 years ago - Stars: 10 - Forks: 1

K024/share-monaco 📦

collaborative monaco editor

Language: TypeScript - Size: 30.3 KB - Last synced at: about 2 years ago - Pushed at: over 3 years ago - Stars: 10 - Forks: 0

cfcs/ocaml-xi-rope

xi-editor data structures in OCaml

Language: OCaml - Size: 60.5 KB - Last synced at: 29 days ago - Pushed at: about 5 years ago - Stars: 10 - Forks: 0

pescap/EasyHPC

A practical introduction to High Performance Computing (HPC)

Size: 797 KB - Last synced at: 26 days ago - Pushed at: 26 days ago - Stars: 9 - Forks: 6

handlewithcarecollective/prosemirror-suggest-changes

A ProseMirror library for enabling Google Docs-style suggestions

Language: TypeScript - Size: 201 KB - Last synced at: about 2 months ago - Pushed at: about 2 months ago - Stars: 9 - Forks: 0

cerfedino/DoX 📦

A web text editor application that allows users to create, edit, store and share several documents, with support for real-time collaborative editing.

Language: JavaScript - Size: 13.4 MB - Last synced at: 7 days ago - Pushed at: 9 months ago - Stars: 9 - Forks: 1

zach-xing/Collaborative-Platform

团队协作与管理平台,具有在线多人聊天、消息实时推送、协同编辑等功能

Language: TypeScript - Size: 11.7 MB - Last synced at: about 2 years ago - Pushed at: over 2 years ago - Stars: 9 - Forks: 1