finite-element-methods | Topic | Ecosyste.ms: Repos

Topic: "finite-element-methods"

ElmerCSC/elmerfem

Official git repository of Elmer FEM software

Language: Fortran - Size: 121 MB - Last synced at: 8 days ago - Pushed at: 8 days ago - Stars: 1,326 - Forks: 342

FEniCS/dolfinx

Next generation FEniCS problem solving environment

Language: C++ - Size: 64.4 MB - Last synced at: 7 days ago - Pushed at: 7 days ago - Stars: 913 - Forks: 204

FreeFem/FreeFem-sources

FreeFEM source code

Language: C++ - Size: 394 MB - Last synced at: 16 days ago - Pushed at: 16 days ago - Stars: 839 - Forks: 200

libMesh/libmesh

libMesh github repository

Language: C - Size: 182 MB - Last synced at: 3 days ago - Pushed at: 3 days ago - Stars: 695 - Forks: 297

OpenVSP/OpenVSP

A parametric aircraft geometry tool

Language: C - Size: 338 MB - Last synced at: 2 months ago - Pushed at: 2 months ago - Stars: 609 - Forks: 306

JWock82/Pynite

A 3D structural engineering finite element library for Python.

Language: Python - Size: 4.95 MB - Last synced at: 6 days ago - Pushed at: 6 days ago - Stars: 574 - Forks: 114

deepmodeling/jax-fem

Differentiable Finite Element Method with JAX

Language: Python - Size: 79.1 MB - Last synced at: 28 days ago - Pushed at: about 2 months ago - Stars: 394 - Forks: 67

AppliedMechanics-EAFIT/SolidsPy

2D-Finite Element Analysis with Python

Language: Python - Size: 47.1 MB - Last synced at: 10 days ago - Pushed at: 6 months ago - Stars: 275 - Forks: 78

phys-sim-book/solid-sim-tutorial

A curated collection of Python examples for optimization-based solid simulation, emphasizing algorithmic convergence, penetration-free, and inversion-free conditions, designed for readability and understanding.

Language: Python - Size: 7.89 MB - Last synced at: 2 days ago - Pushed at: 2 days ago - Stars: 235 - Forks: 24

bueler/p4pdes

C and Python examples from my book on using PETSc and Firedrake to solve PDEs

Language: C - Size: 4.48 MB - Last synced at: 6 days ago - Pushed at: about 2 months ago - Stars: 201 - Forks: 74

nobuyuki83/delfem2

Research prototyping framework for physics simulation written in C++

Language: C++ - Size: 38.2 MB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: over 2 years ago - Stars: 194 - Forks: 18

underworldcode/underworld2

underworld2: A parallel, particle-in-cell, finite element code for Geodynamics.

Language: C - Size: 484 MB - Last synced at: 10 days ago - Pushed at: about 1 month ago - Stars: 192 - Forks: 62

exadg/exadg

ExaDG - High-Order Discontinuous Galerkin for the Exa-Scale

Language: C++ - Size: 57.4 MB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: about 1 month ago - Stars: 173 - Forks: 44

FEniCS/ffcx

Next generation FEniCS Form Compiler for finite element forms

Language: Python - Size: 11.4 MB - Last synced at: 13 days ago - Pushed at: 13 days ago - Stars: 166 - Forks: 45

eitcom/pyEIT

Python based toolkit for Electrical Impedance Tomography

Language: Python - Size: 1020 KB - Last synced at: over 1 year ago - Pushed at: over 1 year ago - Stars: 163 - Forks: 94

PetrKryslUCSD/FinEtools.jl

Finite Element tools in Julia

Language: Julia - Size: 15.3 MB - Last synced at: 7 days ago - Pushed at: 2 months ago - Stars: 157 - Forks: 21

spatialaudio/computational_acoustics

Collection of Jupyter notebooks illustrating various techniques in computational acoustics

Language: Jupyter Notebook - Size: 4.97 MB - Last synced at: 2 months ago - Pushed at: over 6 years ago - Stars: 151 - Forks: 33

FreeFem/FreeFem-doc

FreeFEM user documentation

Language: JavaScript - Size: 291 MB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: about 1 month ago - Stars: 138 - Forks: 45

jorgensd/dolfinx-tutorial

A reimplementation of the Springer book: https://github.com/hplgit/fenics-tutorial/, covering new topics as well as transitioning from dolfin to dolfinx

Language: Jupyter Notebook - Size: 389 MB - Last synced at: 6 days ago - Pushed at: 2 months ago - Stars: 137 - Forks: 72

vavrines/Kinetic.jl

Universal modeling and simulation of fluid mechanics upon machine learning. From the Boltzmann equation, heading towards multiscale and multiphysics flows.

Language: Julia - Size: 7.01 MB - Last synced at: 10 days ago - Pushed at: 3 months ago - Stars: 134 - Forks: 17

phys-sim-book/mdbook-src

The mdbook source of a free online book on the theory and algorithms of physics-based simulations. You are welcome to make contributions by submitting pull requests or directly contacting the authors.

Language: TeX - Size: 15.1 MB - Last synced at: 18 days ago - Pushed at: 18 days ago - Stars: 123 - Forks: 11

CALFEM/calfem-python

CALFEM for Python is the Python port of the CALFEM finite element toolkit. It also implements meshing function based on GMSH and triangle. Visualisation routines are implemented using visvis and matplotlib.

Language: Python - Size: 70.3 MB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: 2 months ago - Stars: 122 - Forks: 152

adtzlr/felupe

:mag: finite element analysis for continuum mechanics of solid bodies

Language: Python - Size: 32 MB - Last synced at: 7 days ago - Pushed at: 14 days ago - Stars: 120 - Forks: 14

quinoacomputing/quinoa

Adaptive computational fluid dynamics

Language: C++ - Size: 225 MB - Last synced at: about 12 hours ago - Pushed at: about 13 hours ago - Stars: 111 - Forks: 22

FrontISTR/FrontISTR

This is the official github mirror repository of FrontISTR, Open-Source Large-Scale Parallel FEM Program for Nonlinear Structural Analysis. Active developments of FrontISTR are hosted on https://gitlab.com/FrontISTR-Commons/FrontISTR.

Language: Roff - Size: 230 MB - Last synced at: 25 days ago - Pushed at: 26 days ago - Stars: 99 - Forks: 41

ethz-pes/AI-mag

AI-mag: Inductor Modeling and Design with FEM and Artificial Neural Network

Language: MATLAB - Size: 80.7 MB - Last synced at: 3 months ago - Pushed at: 3 months ago - Stars: 97 - Forks: 28

matnoel/EasyFEA

EasyFEA is a user-friendly Python library that simplifies finite element analysis.

Language: Python - Size: 2.22 MB - Last synced at: about 11 hours ago - Pushed at: about 12 hours ago - Stars: 86 - Forks: 12

kailaix/AdFem.jl

Innovative, efficient, and computational-graph-based finite element simulator for inverse modeling

Language: Julia - Size: 244 MB - Last synced at: 4 days ago - Pushed at: about 4 years ago - Stars: 84 - Forks: 17

upb-lea/FEM_Magnetics_Toolbox

An Open-Source FEM Magnetics Toolbox for Power Electronic Magnetic Components

Language: Python - Size: 77.9 MB - Last synced at: about 15 hours ago - Pushed at: about 16 hours ago - Stars: 80 - Forks: 14

yoshiya-usui/femtic

FEMTIC is a 3-D magnetotelluric inversion code. FEMTIC is made by object-oriented programming with C++. FEMTIC is applicable to land magnetotelluric survey data as well as ocean bottom magnetotelluric survey data.

Language: C++ - Size: 25.2 MB - Last synced at: 2 months ago - Pushed at: 2 months ago - Stars: 80 - Forks: 19

sanjayg0/feappv

FEAPpv -- free personal version of the FEAP

Language: Fortran - Size: 17.5 MB - Last synced at: about 1 year ago - Pushed at: about 1 year ago - Stars: 76 - Forks: 40

FloSewn/TQMesh

A simple two-dimensional mesh generator with triangular and quadrilateral elements in C++

Language: C++ - Size: 25.7 MB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: 4 months ago - Stars: 75 - Forks: 16

CALFEM/calfem-matlab

CALFEM - a finite element toolbox for MATLAB

Language: MATLAB - Size: 5.71 MB - Last synced at: over 1 year ago - Pushed at: over 2 years ago - Stars: 75 - Forks: 35

InteractiveComputerGraphics/FastCorotatedFEM

FastCorotatedFEM is a minimalistic implementation of the corotated FEM method which was proposed in paper "Fast Corotated FEM using Operator Splitting" by Kugelstadt et al.

Language: C++ - Size: 7.74 MB - Last synced at: 5 days ago - Pushed at: about 6 years ago - Stars: 75 - Forks: 16

phys-sim-book/phys-sim-book.github.io

A free online book on the theory and algorithms of physics-based simulations. To make a contribution, please submit pull requests on the mdbook-src repository (not this one), or directly contact the authors.

Language: HTML - Size: 12.7 MB - Last synced at: 11 months ago - Pushed at: 11 months ago - Stars: 69 - Forks: 1

povanberg/DGFEM-Acoustic

Discontinuous Galerkin finite element method (DGFEM) for Acoustic Wave Propagation

Language: C++ - Size: 132 MB - Last synced at: over 1 year ago - Pushed at: almost 3 years ago - Stars: 65 - Forks: 26

phys-sim-book/solid-sim-tutorial-gpu

A curated set of C++ examples for optimization-based elastodynamic contact simulation using CUDA, emphasizing algorithmic convergence, penetration-free, and inversion-free conditions. Designed for readability and understanding, this tutorial helps beginners learn how to write simple GPU code for efficient solid simulations.

Language: Cuda - Size: 3.78 MB - Last synced at: 11 months ago - Pushed at: 11 months ago - Stars: 62 - Forks: 2

WolframResearch/FEMAddOns

Finite Element Method addons for Wolfram Language

Language: Mathematica - Size: 18.4 MB - Last synced at: 3 months ago - Pushed at: over 1 year ago - Stars: 59 - Forks: 15

BJCaasenbrood/SorotokiCode

SOROTOKI is an open-source MATLAB package that includes an array of tools for design, modeling, and control of soft robotic systems 🐙 🤖

Language: MATLAB - Size: 614 MB - Last synced at: 3 months ago - Pushed at: about 1 year ago - Stars: 58 - Forks: 7

avigliotti/AD4SM.jl

Automatic Differentiation for Solid Mechanics

Language: Julia - Size: 49.6 MB - Last synced at: 22 days ago - Pushed at: 7 months ago - Stars: 55 - Forks: 8

cfdemons/LUMA

Public-facing repository for the open-source project Lattice-Boltzmann @ The University of Manchester (LUMA).

Language: C++ - Size: 299 MB - Last synced at: 2 months ago - Pushed at: almost 2 years ago - Stars: 52 - Forks: 30

lanl/Fierro

Fierro is a C++ code designed to aid the research and development of numerical methods, testing of user-specified models, and creating multi-scale models related to quasi-static solid mechanics and compressible material dynamics using low- and high-order meshes.

Language: C++ - Size: 526 MB - Last synced at: 5 days ago - Pushed at: 5 days ago - Stars: 51 - Forks: 22

getfem/getfem

Mirror of GetFEM repository

Language: C++ - Size: 67.1 MB - Last synced at: 5 days ago - Pushed at: 5 days ago - Stars: 50 - Forks: 14

cbritopacheco/rodin

Modern C++20 finite element method and shape optimization framework.

Language: C++ - Size: 168 MB - Last synced at: 6 days ago - Pushed at: 6 days ago - Stars: 50 - Forks: 9

ammarkh95/ABAQUS_PDALAC

Development of the Failure Criteria for Composites using ABAQUS Subroutines (UMAT/VUMAT)

Language: Fortran - Size: 109 MB - Last synced at: over 2 years ago - Pushed at: almost 4 years ago - Stars: 50 - Forks: 26

kazulagi/plantFEM

This is a plant/farming simulator based on Finite Element Method, which targets crops in fields and soil foundations. This software provides multi-physical simulations of agriculture for canopies, plants, and organs for farmers, breeders, agronomists, and civil engineers. Please try and give us feedback.

Language: Fortran - Size: 305 MB - Last synced at: 3 days ago - Pushed at: 29 days ago - Stars: 44 - Forks: 5

otvam/fem_mesh_matlab

MATLAB Toolbox for Handling 2D and 3D FEM Meshes

Language: MATLAB - Size: 24.3 MB - Last synced at: 2 months ago - Pushed at: 6 months ago - Stars: 44 - Forks: 13

shannon-lab/zapdos

Open source MOOSE framework application for simulating plasmas

Language: C++ - Size: 853 MB - Last synced at: 7 days ago - Pushed at: 7 days ago - Stars: 43 - Forks: 42

FEALiTE/FEALiTE2D

A finite element analysis library for 2D frame, beams and truss elements using C#

Language: C# - Size: 126 KB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: 5 months ago - Stars: 43 - Forks: 11

chennachaos/PFEMFort

Parallel programming for Finite Element Analysis using FORTRAN and PETSc

Language: Fortran - Size: 19.6 MB - Last synced at: 7 months ago - Pushed at: almost 5 years ago - Stars: 42 - Forks: 12

hpgem/nanomesh

Python workflow tool for generating meshes from 2D and 3D image data

Language: Jupyter Notebook - Size: 179 MB - Last synced at: 10 days ago - Pushed at: about 1 year ago - Stars: 41 - Forks: 5

Samson-Mano/Constrained_Delaunay_Triangulation

Constrained Delaunay Triangulation (CDT) of a random surface domain.

Language: C# - Size: 11.3 MB - Last synced at: 2 months ago - Pushed at: over 2 years ago - Stars: 41 - Forks: 11

jorgensd/dolfinx_mpc

Extension for dolfinx to handle multi-point constraints.

Language: Python - Size: 3.95 MB - Last synced at: 3 days ago - Pushed at: 3 days ago - Stars: 40 - Forks: 18

loganbvh/py-tdgl

2D time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau in Python

Language: Python - Size: 75.5 MB - Last synced at: 3 months ago - Pushed at: 3 months ago - Stars: 38 - Forks: 13

wangheyu/AFEPack

Adaptive Finite Element Package

Language: C++ - Size: 1.89 MB - Last synced at: over 1 year ago - Pushed at: over 6 years ago - Stars: 38 - Forks: 18

a-latyshev/dolfinx-external-operator

Extension of DOLFINx implementing the concept of external operator

Language: Python - Size: 3.91 MB - Last synced at: 10 days ago - Pushed at: 10 days ago - Stars: 35 - Forks: 3

gridapapps/GridapGeosciences.jl

Gridap drivers for geoscience applications

Language: Julia - Size: 237 MB - Last synced at: 8 months ago - Pushed at: 8 months ago - Stars: 35 - Forks: 3

kariln/Predictions-of-thermal-fields-in-additive-manufacturing

Predicting Thermal Fields in AdditiveManufacturing by FEM simulations andMachine Learning

Language: Python - Size: 186 MB - Last synced at: over 1 year ago - Pushed at: over 3 years ago - Stars: 35 - Forks: 18

FreeFem/FreeFem-modules

A collection of mathematically validated modules (EDP) for FreeFEM

Language: CSS - Size: 13.8 MB - Last synced at: over 1 year ago - Pushed at: over 1 year ago - Stars: 33 - Forks: 18

podgorskiy/MinimalFem

Language: C++ - Size: 2.83 MB - Last synced at: about 2 months ago - Pushed at: about 8 years ago - Stars: 33 - Forks: 7

WolframResearch/OpenCascadeLink

Open source package for OpenCascadeLink, which is bundled with Wolfram Language products as of version 12.1

Language: C++ - Size: 516 MB - Last synced at: 3 months ago - Pushed at: 4 months ago - Stars: 32 - Forks: 8

GalerkinToolkit/GalerkinToolkit.jl

High-performance finite element toolbox in Julia

Language: Julia - Size: 58.9 MB - Last synced at: 7 days ago - Pushed at: 7 days ago - Stars: 31 - Forks: 0

MShawon/Truss-101

Truss analysis software using the Finite Element Method written in Python.

Language: Python - Size: 230 MB - Last synced at: 3 months ago - Pushed at: about 3 years ago - Stars: 31 - Forks: 12

ocastilloreyes/petgem

petgem is a parallel and high-order code for active-source (e.g. CSEM) and passive-source (e.g. MT) geophysics electromagnetic modeling in 3D arbitrary marine/land problems under anisotropic conductivities.

Language: Python - Size: 9.88 MB - Last synced at: over 1 year ago - Pushed at: over 3 years ago - Stars: 31 - Forks: 13

ShaanCoding/Sectrics

Truss Analysis Software Using The Finite Element Method

Language: C# - Size: 15.7 MB - Last synced at: over 2 years ago - Pushed at: over 5 years ago - Stars: 31 - Forks: 2

SondreRokvam/Multiscale-Modeling

Multiscale Modeling

Language: Python - Size: 150 MB - Last synced at: over 1 year ago - Pushed at: about 6 years ago - Stars: 31 - Forks: 22

underworldcode/underworld3

Language: Python - Size: 314 MB - Last synced at: 6 days ago - Pushed at: 6 days ago - Stars: 30 - Forks: 12

c3m-labs/MeshTools

Utilities for manipulating Mathematica ElementMesh objects

Language: Mathematica - Size: 2.6 MB - Last synced at: 7 months ago - Pushed at: about 4 years ago - Stars: 29 - Forks: 10

inducer/meshmode

High-order unstructured mesh representation and discrete function spaces

Language: Python - Size: 2.8 MB - Last synced at: 3 days ago - Pushed at: 10 days ago - Stars: 28 - Forks: 25

ZibraMax/FEM

⚡🧠A finite element Python implementation

Language: Python - Size: 238 MB - Last synced at: 19 days ago - Pushed at: 19 days ago - Stars: 28 - Forks: 5

uw-comphys/opencmp

OpenCMP is a computational multiphysics software package based on the finite element method. It is primarily intended for physicochemical processes involving significant convective flow.

Language: Python - Size: 8.58 MB - Last synced at: 10 days ago - Pushed at: over 1 year ago - Stars: 27 - Forks: 15

techtocore/Abaqus-Voronoi-cell-FEM

A python script to generate code that creates a Voronoi cell FEM for Abaqus CAE

Language: Jupyter Notebook - Size: 165 KB - Last synced at: over 1 year ago - Pushed at: over 4 years ago - Stars: 27 - Forks: 10

loganbvh/superscreen

Simulate the magnetic response of 2D superconductors

Language: Python - Size: 143 MB - Last synced at: 1 day ago - Pushed at: 5 months ago - Stars: 26 - Forks: 4

evaherbst/Blender_remeshing_guide

preparing meshes for FEA using Blender

Language: Python - Size: 233 KB - Last synced at: about 1 year ago - Pushed at: over 2 years ago - Stars: 26 - Forks: 4

jlchan/NodesAndModes.jl

Nodes and modes for high order finite element methods

Language: Julia - Size: 744 KB - Last synced at: 7 days ago - Pushed at: over 1 year ago - Stars: 25 - Forks: 2

Samson-Mano/2D_Heat_transfer

Finite element analysis of steady state 2D heat transfer problems. Heat transfer occurs when there is a temperature difference within a body or within a body and its surrounding medium. Conduction and convection problems are solved using this software

Language: C# - Size: 12.3 MB - Last synced at: 15 days ago - Pushed at: over 1 year ago - Stars: 24 - Forks: 7

zsulsw/MSASect2

Welcome to the website of MSASect2 - Matrix Structural Analysis Software for Arbitrary Cross-sections - for academic and educational use

Size: 12.9 MB - Last synced at: 12 months ago - Pushed at: 12 months ago - Stars: 22 - Forks: 0

dw-shin/basic_fem_tutorial

FEM Tutorial for Beginners

Language: Matlab - Size: 1.14 MB - Last synced at: about 2 years ago - Pushed at: over 7 years ago - Stars: 22 - Forks: 9

chmerdon/GradientRobustMultiPhysics.jl

Finite Element Module for Julia that focusses on gradient-robust discretisations and multiphysics problems

Language: Julia - Size: 143 MB - Last synced at: 19 days ago - Pushed at: 8 months ago - Stars: 21 - Forks: 6

lanl/ELEMENTS

The C++ ELEMENTS library contains a suite of sub-libraries to support mathematical functions (elements), data representations (MATAR), and novel mesh classes (geometry and SWAGE) to support a very broad range of element types, numerical methods, and mesh connectivity data structures useful for computational physics and engineering.

Language: C++ - Size: 14.7 MB - Last synced at: 29 days ago - Pushed at: 29 days ago - Stars: 20 - Forks: 15

RuruX/femo

Finite Elements for Multidisciplinary Optimization

Language: Python - Size: 154 MB - Last synced at: 11 months ago - Pushed at: 11 months ago - Stars: 20 - Forks: 5

SHYFEM-model/shyfem

System of HydrodYnamic Finite Element Modules

Language: Fortran - Size: 25.3 MB - Last synced at: about 1 year ago - Pushed at: over 1 year ago - Stars: 20 - Forks: 33

FreeFem/FreeFem-website

FreeFEM website

Language: JavaScript - Size: 278 MB - Last synced at: 4 days ago - Pushed at: 4 days ago - Stars: 19 - Forks: 5

audiolabs/DEISM

Diffraction Enhanced Image source method

Language: C++ - Size: 201 MB - Last synced at: 8 days ago - Pushed at: 8 days ago - Stars: 19 - Forks: 1

EQDYNA/EQdyna

Parallel FEM for earthquake dynamic ruptures on geometrically complex fault systems and ground motions.

Language: Fortran - Size: 33.8 MB - Last synced at: 2 days ago - Pushed at: about 1 month ago - Stars: 19 - Forks: 2

ethz-pes/litz_wire_homogenization_comsol_matlab

Litz Wire Homogenization with COMSOL and MATLAB

Language: MATLAB - Size: 2.17 MB - Last synced at: 3 months ago - Pushed at: 3 months ago - Stars: 19 - Forks: 5

bjornsturmberg/EMUstack

EMUstack is an open-source simulation package for calculating light propagation through multi-layered stacks of dispersive, lossy, nanostructured, optical media. It implements a generalised scattering matrix method, which extends the physical intuition of thin film optics to complex structures.

Language: Fortran - Size: 49.1 MB - Last synced at: 11 months ago - Pushed at: 11 months ago - Stars: 19 - Forks: 12

inducer/numpde-notes

Slides/notes and Jupyter notebook demos for an introductory course of numerical methods for PDEs

Language: Jupyter Notebook - Size: 19.7 MB - Last synced at: 3 days ago - Pushed at: about 1 year ago - Stars: 19 - Forks: 8

xavierdechamps/Burgers_1D

Solve the 1D forced Burgers equation with high order finite elements and finite difference schemes.

Language: MATLAB - Size: 12.1 MB - Last synced at: about 2 years ago - Pushed at: over 2 years ago - Stars: 19 - Forks: 2

fjramireg/StiffMa

StiffMa: Fast finite element STIFFness MAtrix generation in MATLAB by using GPU computing.

Language: MATLAB - Size: 68.4 MB - Last synced at: over 1 year ago - Pushed at: almost 5 years ago - Stars: 19 - Forks: 5

cemcen/Veamy

Veamy: an extensible object-oriented C++ library for the virtual element method

Language: C++ - Size: 19.6 MB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: about 6 years ago - Stars: 19 - Forks: 7

muratartim/SolidMAT

Object-oriented finite element analysis software.

Language: Java - Size: 18.3 MB - Last synced at: over 2 years ago - Pushed at: over 6 years ago - Stars: 19 - Forks: 9

GaneshShivalingappa/Parametric-NN-Models

Physics-Informed Neural Network, Finite Element Method enhanced neural network, and FEM data-based neural network

Language: Python - Size: 177 KB - Last synced at: 3 months ago - Pushed at: 4 months ago - Stars: 18 - Forks: 0

tan2/DynEarthSol-old

A flexible modeling tool for geological/tectonic problems

Language: C++ - Size: 28.4 MB - Last synced at: 3 months ago - Pushed at: about 1 year ago - Stars: 17 - Forks: 15

pizofreude/TheFEAMan

This repository contains lecture notes, code examples, calculation resources, and tutorials related to Technical Mechanics and Finite Element Analysis. It's designed to be a learning resource for students and professionals interested in these fields. Covering topics such as linear & nonlinear FEA, Technical mechanics, & Topology Optimization.

Size: 165 MB - Last synced at: over 1 year ago - Pushed at: over 1 year ago - Stars: 17 - Forks: 0