ydb-platform/yoj-project

YDB ORM for Java (YOJ) is a lightweight ORM for immutable entities. It has native support for YDB and is battle-tested.

Language: Java - Size: 814 KB - Last synced: about 2 hours ago - Pushed: about 6 hours ago - Stars: 10 - Forks: 9

gaarason/database-all

Eloquent ORM for Java 8, 11, 17 and Spring boot 2.x , 3.x

Language: Java - Size: 1.89 MB - Last synced: about 4 hours ago - Pushed: about 18 hours ago - Stars: 715 - Forks: 25

circles-arrows/blueprint41

An Object Graph Mapper for CSharp to connect to Neo4j or Memgraph.

Language: C# - Size: 35.5 MB - Last synced: about 5 hours ago - Pushed: 1 day ago - Stars: 26 - Forks: 8

only-cliches/Nano-SQL

Universal database layer for the client, server & mobile devices. It's like Lego for databases.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 12.9 MB - Last synced: about 1 month ago - Pushed: about 2 months ago - Stars: 781 - Forks: 51

shoyimobloqulov/php-orm

A simple PHP class to access your MySQL records.

Language: PHP - Size: 43 KB - Last synced: 1 day ago - Pushed: 3 days ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

Mikarsoft/BlackHole-Core-ORM

The Fastest, Easiest and Most Complete ORM for .NET Core.

Language: C# - Size: 27.9 MB - Last synced: 4 days ago - Pushed: 4 days ago - Stars: 3 - Forks: 0

YaoApp/xun

Xun Database is an object-relational mapper (ORM), can change the table structure at run time, especially suitable for use in Low-Code application.

Language: Go - Size: 646 KB - Last synced: 5 days ago - Pushed: 5 days ago - Stars: 17 - Forks: 29

issue9/orm

简单小巧的 orm

Language: Go - Size: 1.54 MB - Last synced: 7 days ago - Pushed: 7 days ago - Stars: 11 - Forks: 6

zycgit/dbvisitor

dbVisitor is a ORM tool, Providing object mapping,Richer type handling than Mybatis, Dynamic SQL, stored procedures, more dialect 20+, nested transactions, multiple data sources, conditional constructors, INSERT strategies, multiple statements/multiple results. And compatible with Spring and MyBatis usage.

Language: Java - Size: 4.78 MB - Last synced: 10 days ago - Pushed: 10 days ago - Stars: 36 - Forks: 2

tigosante/simple-application-helper

Um ORM simples para integração banco banco de dados em projetos que usam PHP puro no back-end.

Language: PHP - Size: 530 KB - Last synced: 10 days ago - Pushed: 10 days ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

hosseinmirzapur/prisma

Prisma Go Client for Goravel

Language: Go - Size: 89.8 KB - Last synced: 12 days ago - Pushed: 13 days ago - Stars: 1 - Forks: 0

MaloLebrin/pinia-entity-store

A lightweight Pinia plugin to manage relational entities in Pinia without having to learn a whole new ORM

Language: TypeScript - Size: 3.43 MB - Last synced: about 1 month ago - Pushed: about 1 month ago - Stars: 26 - Forks: 0

njord-rs/njord

A lightweight ORM library for Rust ⛵

Language: Rust - Size: 6.66 MB - Last synced: 22 days ago - Pushed: 24 days ago - Stars: 213 - Forks: 12

ramesh-sah/Python_Advance

https://rameshkumarsah.pythonanywhere.com

Language: HTML - Size: 112 MB - Last synced: 22 days ago - Pushed: 22 days ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

jp9573/ROOM-Sample

Android ROOM Persistance Library sample app to understand basics.

Language: Java - Size: 126 KB - Last synced: 25 days ago - Pushed: over 6 years ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

courier6666/PocketMapperORM

Trying to create my own ORM library on .NET. It's bad but i'm trying to make it better)

Language: C# - Size: 264 KB - Last synced: 26 days ago - Pushed: 27 days ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

vihangpatil/firestore4k

GCP Firestore Client for Kotlin JVM with strict (and relaxed) type-system.

Language: Kotlin - Size: 223 KB - Last synced: 27 days ago - Pushed: 27 days ago - Stars: 3 - Forks: 0

mikependon/RepoDB

A hybrid ORM library for .NET.

Language: C# - Size: 38.9 MB - Last synced: 10 days ago - Pushed: 3 months ago - Stars: 1,674 - Forks: 123

oliver-oloughlin/kvdex

A high-level abstraction layer for Deno KV with zero third-party dependencies by default 🦕🗝️

Language: TypeScript - Size: 1.39 MB - Last synced: about 1 month ago - Pushed: about 1 month ago - Stars: 158 - Forks: 6

tekku-taro/db-model

PHPでリレーショナルデータベースを操作するための O/Rマッパーです。以前作成した php-ormapper の改良版です。

Language: PHP - Size: 215 KB - Last synced: about 1 month ago - Pushed: over 1 year ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

Batik13/Minorm

Simple ORM library with error logging

Language: PHP - Size: 7.81 KB - Last synced: about 1 month ago - Pushed: about 5 years ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

rogerpadilla/nukak

the smartest ORM

Language: TypeScript - Size: 3.58 MB - Last synced: 14 days ago - Pushed: 2 months ago - Stars: 89 - Forks: 1

fogfish/dynamo

Generic Golang Key/Value trait for AWS storage services

Language: Go - Size: 438 KB - Last synced: about 1 month ago - Pushed: 3 months ago - Stars: 17 - Forks: 3

wecatch/ember-easy-orm

A easy ORM for ember app, simple and flexible

Language: JavaScript - Size: 4.63 MB - Last synced: about 2 months ago - Pushed: about 1 year ago - Stars: 6 - Forks: 2

Mmd4J/KirbyQL

KirbyQL is another light-weight ORM tool which aims to be simple as possible

Language: Java - Size: 113 KB - Last synced: about 2 months ago - Pushed: 10 months ago - Stars: 3 - Forks: 0

opis/orm

Simple, productive, and easy to learn

Language: PHP - Size: 548 KB - Last synced: 7 days ago - Pushed: over 3 years ago - Stars: 29 - Forks: 2

APIJSON/apijson-milvus

腾讯 APIJSON 的 Milvus AI 向量数据库插件。A Milvus plugin for Tencent APIJSON.

Language: Java - Size: 18.6 KB - Last synced: 4 days ago - Pushed: 4 months ago - Stars: 2 - Forks: 0

y1j2x34/spring-influxdb-orm

Spring InfluxDB ORM

Language: Java - Size: 172 KB - Last synced: 2 months ago - Pushed: about 1 year ago - Stars: 6 - Forks: 1

v1p3r75/NexaORM

NexaORM is a modern PHP Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) library designed to simplify database interactions and streamline the development of PHP applications.

Language: PHP - Size: 103 KB - Last synced: about 1 month ago - Pushed: 2 months ago - Stars: 3 - Forks: 1

rakibmia7254/jdbase-client

jdbase-client is a ORM for JDBase

Language: Python - Size: 556 KB - Last synced: 11 days ago - Pushed: 2 months ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

m-o-d-e-r/Slash

ORM

Language: Python - Size: 1.1 MB - Last synced: 3 months ago - Pushed: over 1 year ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

said-ali/iterable_orm

Query API similar to Django ORM for Python objects and dictionaries

Language: Python - Size: 10.7 KB - Last synced: 10 days ago - Pushed: almost 7 years ago - Stars: 16 - Forks: 3

HamedMasafi/Nut

Advanced, Powerful and easy to use ORM for Qt

Language: C++ - Size: 4.86 MB - Last synced: 3 months ago - Pushed: 10 months ago - Stars: 277 - Forks: 74

dynomake/wonsi

Java Sql Mapping Simplifier without reflection

Language: Java - Size: 106 KB - Last synced: 3 months ago - Pushed: 3 months ago - Stars: 2 - Forks: 0

BetaHuhn/deta-base-orm

🗃🪐 Basic ORM for Deta Base

Language: JavaScript - Size: 321 KB - Last synced: 5 days ago - Pushed: 9 months ago - Stars: 23 - Forks: 1

pixelcaliber/Kafka-Source-Datastore

Source Collector Application for Kafka Streams to process the data and put them in sink here: google sheets

Language: Python - Size: 7.81 KB - Last synced: 3 months ago - Pushed: 3 months ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

ariflogs/SQL-to-NoSQL

Run SQL scripts on your NoSQL databases!

Language: TypeScript - Size: 5.64 MB - Last synced: 21 days ago - Pushed: 7 months ago - Stars: 17 - Forks: 1

juancarlospaco/nim-gatabase

Connection-Pooling Compile-Time ORM for Nim

Language: Nim - Size: 2.01 MB - Last synced: 3 months ago - Pushed: over 1 year ago - Stars: 119 - Forks: 5

radityaapratamaa/rorm

as light as using raw, as easy as using orm

Language: Go - Size: 99.6 KB - Last synced: 4 months ago - Pushed: over 4 years ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

radityaapratamaa/xraw

as light as raw, as easy as orm

Language: Go - Size: 40 KB - Last synced: 4 months ago - Pushed: over 4 years ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 1

TwentyFourMinutes/Venflow

A brand new, fast and lightweight ORM, build for PostgreSQL.

Language: C# - Size: 3.83 MB - Last synced: 10 days ago - Pushed: over 1 year ago - Stars: 168 - Forks: 5

j-dumbell/snow-builder

Type-safe NodeJS query builder library for Snowflake with smart return type inference, written in Typescript.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 606 KB - Last synced: 10 days ago - Pushed: about 1 year ago - Stars: 6 - Forks: 0

mbarrerag/Alura-Hotel

Language: Java - Size: 4.01 MB - Last synced: 4 months ago - Pushed: 4 months ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

thma/generic-persistence

GenericPersistence is a Haskell persistence library for relational databases. The approach relies on GHC.Generics. A real-world demo can be found here:

Language: Haskell - Size: 411 KB - Last synced: 13 days ago - Pushed: about 1 month ago - Stars: 11 - Forks: 0

binier/dgraphium

Combination of tools written in Typescript for Dgraph (General purpose distributed graph database). Included tools: QueryBuilder, gRPC Client.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 257 KB - Last synced: 26 days ago - Pushed: about 3 years ago - Stars: 16 - Forks: 5

ohthebrave/CLI-Application-using-click

A CLI application - Salary Record System specifically tailored for construction sites to address outdated manual methods, such as recording payments in books, which can be error-prone and inefficient.

Language: Python - Size: 19.5 KB - Last synced: 30 days ago - Pushed: 5 months ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

CharlesTaylor7/ormlite

Two way binding from Python Dataclasses to Sqlite tables

Language: Python - Size: 92.8 KB - Last synced: 8 days ago - Pushed: 9 months ago - Stars: 1 - Forks: 0

APIJSON/apijson-orm

请使用 Tencent/APIJSON/APIJSONORM

Language: Java - Size: 426 KB - Last synced: 4 days ago - Pushed: over 3 years ago - Stars: 5 - Forks: 2

codexguy/CodexMicroORM

An alternative to ORM's such as Entity Framework, offers light-weight database mapping to your existing CLR objects. Visit "Design Goals" on GitHub to see more rationale and guidance.

Language: C# - Size: 1.44 MB - Last synced: 16 days ago - Pushed: over 1 year ago - Stars: 38 - Forks: 8

BitlyTwiser/tinyORM

A tiny package for your basic data layer needs

Language: Go - Size: 166 KB - Last synced: 6 months ago - Pushed: 6 months ago - Stars: 1 - Forks: 0

Kros-sk/Kros.KORM.MsAccess

Simple and fast micro-ORM framework for .NET with Microsoft Access Database.

Language: C# - Size: 473 KB - Last synced: 6 months ago - Pushed: almost 3 years ago - Stars: 2 - Forks: 1

neo4-js/neo4-js

Neo4-js is a object-graph mapper for JavaScript and neo4j with full flow-type support.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 1.47 MB - Last synced: 27 days ago - Pushed: over 5 years ago - Stars: 20 - Forks: 1

AMVCoder/ORSEY

Combining flexibility and simplicity, OdyssetNET allows adaptable mapping to your needs. With multi-DB support and an optimized design, it's the essential tool for seamless data management in .NET.

Size: 214 KB - Last synced: 6 months ago - Pushed: 6 months ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

DevExpress/XPO

DevExpress eXpress Persistent Objects (XPO) ORM for .NET Framework / .NET Core / .NET Standard 2.0

Language: JavaScript - Size: 23.4 MB - Last synced: 7 months ago - Pushed: about 1 year ago - Stars: 148 - Forks: 88

Mikarsoft/BlackHole-Unity-ORM

A fully automated, very easy to use and setup, with many features, Object Relational Mapping Library, for Unity, using SQLite3

Language: C# - Size: 1.24 MB - Last synced: 7 months ago - Pushed: 7 months ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

SoftStoneDevelop/Gedaq.DbConnection

Attributes required for Gedaq ORM to work with methods available in DbConnection. Allows you to work with the database without being tied to a specific database.

Language: C# - Size: 72.3 KB - Last synced: 7 months ago - Pushed: 7 months ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

NimaBavari/EnORM

EnORM—EnDATA Object Relational Mapper.

Language: Python - Size: 249 KB - Last synced: 8 days ago - Pushed: 8 months ago - Stars: 4 - Forks: 0

tamedevelopers/database

Lightweight PHP-ORM Database Model

Language: PHP - Size: 1.26 MB - Last synced: 19 days ago - Pushed: 3 months ago - Stars: 5 - Forks: 1

BrainlessLabs/bun

Bun is a simple to use C++ Object Database, Object Relational Mapper (ORM) and key-value library

Language: C - Size: 3.81 MB - Last synced: 6 months ago - Pushed: over 4 years ago - Stars: 103 - Forks: 16

WebFrame/ORM-Abstract

C++ ORM library for any database

Language: C++ - Size: 1.49 MB - Last synced: 8 months ago - Pushed: 8 months ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

Mag7Ciete/sqlalchemy-challenge

Use Python and SQLAlchemy to do a basic climate analysis and data exploration of your climate database. Specifically, you’ll use SQLAlchemy ORM queries, Pandas, and Matplotlib.

Language: Jupyter Notebook - Size: 436 KB - Last synced: 8 months ago - Pushed: 8 months ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

probablyArth/jason

A simple typesafe JSON ORM library that allows you to interact with data stored in a JSON database

Language: TypeScript - Size: 86.9 KB - Last synced: 8 days ago - Pushed: about 1 month ago - Stars: 2 - Forks: 0

couchset/couchset

Couchbase ORM & Automatic GraphQL API(Resolver/Queries)

Language: TypeScript - Size: 683 KB - Last synced: 14 days ago - Pushed: about 2 years ago - Stars: 4 - Forks: 0

devitools/orm

ORM de um jeito que você nunca viu!

Size: 1000 Bytes - Last synced: 8 months ago - Pushed: about 3 years ago - Stars: 3 - Forks: 0

Skinz3/Flex

Flex is a lightweight object-relational mapping (ORM) product for the Microsoft .NET Core and SQL : it provides a framework for mapping an object-oriented domain model to a traditional SQL database.

Language: C# - Size: 699 KB - Last synced: 17 days ago - Pushed: about 2 years ago - Stars: 4 - Forks: 1

xojigsx/qp

qp - simple db⁻¹ api for models 🧠

Language: Go - Size: 23.4 KB - Last synced: 8 months ago - Pushed: 8 months ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

anchovycation/metronom

Easy to use Redis ORM based on node-redis with TypeScript support

Language: TypeScript - Size: 1.14 MB - Last synced: 6 days ago - Pushed: about 1 year ago - Stars: 7 - Forks: 3

okw-y/ormstorm

Small library for easy work with databases.

Language: Python - Size: 178 KB - Last synced: 6 months ago - Pushed: 6 months ago - Stars: 3 - Forks: 0

s4kibs4mi/jally-orm

An ORM library for Cassandra and ScyllaDB written in Golang.

Language: Go - Size: 14.6 KB - Last synced: 10 months ago - Pushed: about 6 years ago - Stars: 1 - Forks: 1

topaz-crystal/topaz

A simple and useful db wrapper for Crystal-lang

Language: Crystal - Size: 126 KB - Last synced: 2 months ago - Pushed: over 6 years ago - Stars: 58 - Forks: 4

oussemakh1/orm-package

This a native php orm package that works with mysql it's main objectif is to facilitate the crud process in your application, contains all crud opreations like (insert, edit, update, delete, soft_delete) as well search operation

Language: PHP - Size: 13.7 KB - Last synced: 10 months ago - Pushed: over 2 years ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

WhiteRaven777/genmai Fork of naoina/genmai

Simple, better and easy-to-use ORM library for Golang

Language: Go - Size: 118 KB - Last synced: 10 months ago - Pushed: almost 7 years ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

kpeu3i/fielder

A Go tool to auto generate ENUM for struct fields

Language: Go - Size: 36.1 KB - Last synced: 10 months ago - Pushed: over 1 year ago - Stars: 7 - Forks: 0

maestre3d/dynamoql-go

An ORM-like lightweight toolkit for Go applications interacting with Amazon DynamoDB.

Language: Go - Size: 153 KB - Last synced: 10 months ago - Pushed: over 1 year ago - Stars: 1 - Forks: 1

PrathameshDhande22/DumpAPI-Flask-Restful

DumpAPI is a Flask RESTful API with JWT token authentication, storing department and employee data in a free cloud PostgreSQL database with password hashing for security.

Language: Python - Size: 10.7 KB - Last synced: 11 months ago - Pushed: 11 months ago - Stars: 2 - Forks: 0

dhens/Paranormal-Activity-Reporter

Post and view paranormal stories from like-minded people!

Language: JavaScript - Size: 9.56 MB - Last synced: 18 days ago - Pushed: over 1 year ago - Stars: 4 - Forks: 2

Mikarsoft/BlackHole-Core-Cli

The Command Line Interface for BlackHole Core ORM. Adds capability of Database First architecture to the BlackHole

Language: C# - Size: 296 KB - Last synced: 11 months ago - Pushed: 11 months ago - Stars: 1 - Forks: 0

SubiyaCryolite/jds

Jenesis Data Store: a dynamic, cross platform, high performance, ORM data-mapper. Designed to assist in rapid development and data mining

Language: Kotlin - Size: 9.45 MB - Last synced: 10 months ago - Pushed: over 3 years ago - Stars: 21 - Forks: 3

ReactiveDB/core

Reactive ORM for Lovefield

Language: TypeScript - Size: 3.85 MB - Last synced: about 1 month ago - Pushed: 4 months ago - Stars: 110 - Forks: 4

boliveirasilva/sercorm

A simple ORM for php5.6 implemented over ADOdb library

Language: PHP - Size: 10.7 KB - Last synced: 11 months ago - Pushed: 11 months ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

andrewscaya/moodle-local_moodleorm

A simple ORM, with a Unit of Work, to easily save cascading data from Moodle Forms, using Moodle Entities, through single database transactions.

Language: PHP - Size: 51.8 KB - Last synced: about 1 year ago - Pushed: about 1 year ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

APIJSON/apijson-go Fork of j2go/apijson-go

相对完善一些的 APIJSON Go 版，本仓库为副本，请给原仓库 Star

Language: Go - Size: 88.9 KB - Last synced: 4 days ago - Pushed: over 1 year ago - Stars: 8 - Forks: 1

evas-php/evas-orm

🗃 ORM module (ActiveRecord over evas-php/evas-db)

Language: PHP - Size: 165 KB - Last synced: 5 months ago - Pushed: 10 months ago - Stars: 5 - Forks: 0

Aleksey-Kn/imNORM

In-memory NoSQL ORM for Java, worked on file system

Language: Java - Size: 356 KB - Last synced: 12 months ago - Pushed: 12 months ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 1

nado-codes/Web_Utilities_NadoMapperORM

NadoMapper is a custom ORM built with C#, utilises SQL Server + Stored Procedures and has self-contained unit and integration tests

Language: C# - Size: 6.11 MB - Last synced: 13 days ago - Pushed: 11 months ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

FarrukhSultani/sqlalchemy-challenge

In this SQLAlchemy project, i used Python and SQLAlchemy to do a basic climate analysis and data exploration of my climate database as the first part of my project. To receive the desired output in this part, i used SQLAlchemy ORM queries, Pandas, and Matplotlib. The second part of the project was focused on creating an app using the developed code

Language: Jupyter Notebook - Size: 413 KB - Last synced: about 1 year ago - Pushed: about 1 year ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

dongm2ez/general-db 📦

helps you smiple CRUD

Language: PHP - Size: 22.5 KB - Last synced: 9 months ago - Pushed: almost 5 years ago - Stars: 1 - Forks: 3

k5md/picorm

Small ORM with limited functions for multiple database engines for pet-projects on python

Language: Python - Size: 22.5 KB - Last synced: 13 days ago - Pushed: 11 months ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

maleeshagimshan98/infinite-simple-orm

A simple and easy to use ORM (Object Relational Mapper) written in PHP.

Language: PHP - Size: 0 Bytes - Last synced: about 1 year ago - Pushed: about 1 year ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

Kros-sk/Kros.KORM

Simple and fast micro-ORM framework for .NET.

Language: C# - Size: 612 KB - Last synced: 19 days ago - Pushed: 5 months ago - Stars: 8 - Forks: 16

semihunaldi/ExcelOrm

Experimental Excel ORM library

Language: Java - Size: 205 KB - Last synced: about 1 year ago - Pushed: over 5 years ago - Stars: 2 - Forks: 1

JBris/entity_framework_example

Simple demonstration of the Entity Framework

Language: C# - Size: 14.6 KB - Last synced: about 1 year ago - Pushed: about 1 year ago - Stars: 2 - Forks: 0

SoftStoneDevelop/Gedaq.SqlClient

Attributes required for Gedaq ORM operation for database supported Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.

Language: C# - Size: 32.2 KB - Last synced: 7 months ago - Pushed: 7 months ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

karmakaze/safeql

Composable / async / functional / type-safe / parallel-pipelined queries and relations without SQL injection or N+1s.

Language: Java - Size: 230 KB - Last synced: about 1 year ago - Pushed: almost 2 years ago - Stars: 15 - Forks: 2

SoftStoneDevelop/Gedaq.Npgsql

Attributes required for Gedaq ORM operation for PostgreSQL database.

Language: C# - Size: 120 KB - Last synced: 7 months ago - Pushed: 7 months ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

TralahM/django-firebase-orm Fork of joewalk102/firebase-orm

Django ORM for the NoSQL object model database, firebase

Language: Python - Size: 71.3 KB - Last synced: about 1 year ago - Pushed: over 3 years ago - Stars: 20 - Forks: 5

Kros-sk/Kros.Libs 📦

This repo contains Kros.Utils, Kros.Utils.MsAccess, Kros.KORM and Kros.KORM.MsAccess libraries.

Language: C# - Size: 2.1 MB - Last synced: about 2 months ago - Pushed: about 5 years ago - Stars: 7 - Forks: 13

dertin/php-framework 📦

Framework PHP MVC (ORM, Views, Controllers, Router, Cache, SessionHandler, PHPUnit)

Language: PHP - Size: 223 KB - Last synced: 10 months ago - Pushed: about 4 years ago - Stars: 1 - Forks: 1

Runaho/MSAccess-Worker-A-ORM 📦

Micro-ORM for MS Access

Language: C# - Size: 1.96 MB - Last synced: about 1 year ago - Pushed: over 1 year ago - Stars: 2 - Forks: 1

kemsky/as3Query

Another SQLite ORM and query DSL for ActionScript

Language: ActionScript - Size: 426 KB - Last synced: 10 days ago - Pushed: over 8 years ago - Stars: 3 - Forks: 1