cdzombak/runner

Lightweight wrapper for better cron jobs and containers

Language: Go - Size: 2.08 MB - Last synced at: about 1 hour ago - Pushed at: about 3 hours ago - Stars: 17 - Forks: 2

variablesoftware/ts-retry-backoff

🎛️🔁🚀 A tiny, zero‑dependencies retry helper with exponential backoff + jitter—usable for KV, HTTP, Durable Objects, or any async function.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 892 KB - Last synced at: about 7 hours ago - Pushed at: about 9 hours ago - Stars: 2 - Forks: 1

coady/waiter

Delayed iteration for polling and retries.

Language: Python - Size: 764 KB - Last synced at: about 21 hours ago - Pushed at: about 22 hours ago - Stars: 31 - Forks: 0

L-Blondy/up-fetch

Advanced fetch client builder

Language: TypeScript - Size: 1.38 MB - Last synced at: 1 day ago - Pushed at: 1 day ago - Stars: 1,316 - Forks: 17

minhaj400/circuit-breaker-redis

A lightweight, extensible circuit breaker using Redis for distributed state in microservices. Includes a gateway, auth service, and profile service communicating over HTTP. Circuit breaker in profile service handles auth failures with Redis-based state persistence.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 159 KB - Last synced at: 1 day ago - Pushed at: 1 day ago - Stars: 1 - Forks: 0

itning/guava-retrying3 Fork of rholder/guava-retrying

This is a small extension to Google's Guava library to allow for the creation of configurable retrying strategies for an arbitrary function call, such as something that talks to a remote service with flaky uptime.

Language: Java - Size: 757 KB - Last synced at: 1 day ago - Pushed at: 1 day ago - Stars: 14 - Forks: 2

hynek/stamina

Production-grade retries for Python

Language: Python - Size: 857 KB - Last synced at: 2 days ago - Pushed at: 2 days ago - Stars: 1,267 - Forks: 15

resilience4j/resilience4j

Resilience4j is a fault tolerance library designed for Java8 and functional programming

Language: Java - Size: 8.11 MB - Last synced at: 3 days ago - Pushed at: 7 days ago - Stars: 10,416 - Forks: 1,427

softwaremill/retry

because you should never give up, at least not on the first try

Language: Scala - Size: 204 KB - Last synced at: 3 days ago - Pushed at: 3 days ago - Stars: 361 - Forks: 37

keshav-005/FastFetch-API-Fetch-Enhancer

⚡ FastFetch – An NPM package for a smarter fetch() wrapper with auto-retry, deduplication, and minimal boilerplate for efficient API requests. Stop redundant calls and handle failures seamlessly with built-in retry logic!

Language: TypeScript - Size: 50.8 KB - Last synced at: 4 days ago - Pushed at: 4 days ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

elchininet/get-promisable-result

A very small JavaScript utility to check and retry a function a limited number of times abstracting it in a Promise

Language: TypeScript - Size: 486 KB - Last synced at: 4 days ago - Pushed at: 4 days ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

soenneker/soenneker.concurrentprocessing.executor

A util that runs multiple async tasks concurrently with features for limiting and retry

Language: C# - Size: 409 KB - Last synced at: 4 days ago - Pushed at: 4 days ago - Stars: 1 - Forks: 0

mohanpeddayyagri/fastfetch

🚀 Configure fastfetch for EmperorOS to display system information efficiently and enhance your terminal experience.

Size: 1.3 MB - Last synced at: 4 days ago - Pushed at: 5 days ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

python-backoff/backoff Fork of litl/backoff

Python library providing function decorators for configurable backoff and retry

Language: Python - Size: 1.08 MB - Last synced at: 5 days ago - Pushed at: 5 days ago - Stars: 15 - Forks: 1

krymzR/fetchmate

🌐 Supercharge your HTTP requests with fetchmate, a flexible wrapper for the Fetch API that offers retry capabilities and customizable delays.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 59.6 KB - Last synced at: 5 days ago - Pushed at: 5 days ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

go-resty/resty

Simple HTTP, REST, and SSE client library for Go

Language: Go - Size: 3.86 MB - Last synced at: 6 days ago - Pushed at: 6 months ago - Stars: 11,312 - Forks: 772

failsafe-lib/failsafe

Fault tolerance and resilience patterns for the JVM

Language: Java - Size: 1.54 MB - Last synced at: 4 days ago - Pushed at: over 1 year ago - Stars: 4,283 - Forks: 305

francescorivola/fetch-with-retries

Simple and opinionated lib that adds retries out of the box to native Node.js fetch

Language: TypeScript - Size: 852 KB - Last synced at: 4 days ago - Pushed at: 7 days ago - Stars: 2 - Forks: 1

sjinks/node-fetch-retry-ts

Adds retry functionality to fetch()

Language: TypeScript - Size: 3.03 MB - Last synced at: 6 days ago - Pushed at: 7 days ago - Stars: 7 - Forks: 3

fabiospampinato/stubborn-fs

Stubborn versions of Node's fs functions that try really hard to do their job.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 20.5 KB - Last synced at: 7 days ago - Pushed at: 7 days ago - Stars: 3 - Forks: 3

ihor-bielchenko/power-queues

A production-ready, Redis-backed queue runner with visibility timeouts, delayed scheduling, chainable queues, retries with exponential backoff + jitter, and heartbeat renewals — built on top of a thin PowerRedis abstraction.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 232 KB - Last synced at: 8 days ago - Pushed at: 8 days ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

yevtyushkin/id_token_verifier

A feature-rich, highly configurable OpenID Connect ID token verifier in Rust

Language: Rust - Size: 136 KB - Last synced at: 8 days ago - Pushed at: 8 days ago - Stars: 1 - Forks: 2

avast/retry-go

Simple golang library for retry mechanism

Language: Go - Size: 201 KB - Last synced at: 8 days ago - Pushed at: 19 days ago - Stars: 2,800 - Forks: 171

jd/tenacity

Retrying library for Python

Language: Python - Size: 600 KB - Last synced at: 8 days ago - Pushed at: 22 days ago - Stars: 7,984 - Forks: 301

cptrodgers/aj

Rust - background jobs.

Language: Rust - Size: 2.88 MB - Last synced at: 8 days ago - Pushed at: 9 days ago - Stars: 50 - Forks: 3

geersch/retry

Retry utility function supporting exponential backoff and jitter powered by RxJS :dragon:

Language: TypeScript - Size: 4.44 MB - Last synced at: 9 days ago - Pushed at: 9 days ago - Stars: 5 - Forks: 1

tomcant/retry-cli

A utility for retrying failed CLI commands on Unix-like systems.

Language: Shell - Size: 28.3 KB - Last synced at: 9 days ago - Pushed at: 9 days ago - Stars: 2 - Forks: 0

vercel/async-retry

Retrying made simple, easy and async

Language: JavaScript - Size: 636 KB - Last synced at: 8 days ago - Pushed at: over 2 years ago - Stars: 1,893 - Forks: 59

seuros/chrono_machines

A Ruby gem that implements exponential backoff retry patterns with full jitter for distributed systems. Simple, focused, and built for Ruby 3.2+ with fiber-aware operations.

Language: Rust - Size: 59.6 KB - Last synced at: 6 days ago - Pushed at: 14 days ago - Stars: 21 - Forks: 0

Asouei/safe-fetch

Tiny, type-safe fetch wrapper: safe results, retries, timeouts & validation

Language: TypeScript - Size: 131 KB - Last synced at: 7 days ago - Pushed at: about 2 months ago - Stars: 78 - Forks: 4

SocketSomeone/nestjs-resilience

🛡️ A module for improving the reliability and fault-tolerance of your NestJS applications

Language: TypeScript - Size: 4.13 MB - Last synced at: 8 days ago - Pushed at: 11 days ago - Stars: 281 - Forks: 7

soenneker/soenneker.extensions.httpclient

A collection of helpful HttpClient extension methods, like retry and auto (de)serialization

Language: C# - Size: 3.6 MB - Last synced at: 9 days ago - Pushed at: 10 days ago - Stars: 2 - Forks: 1

austind/retryhttp

Retry potentially transient HTTP errors in Python.

Language: Python - Size: 133 KB - Last synced at: 10 days ago - Pushed at: 10 days ago - Stars: 15 - Forks: 5

failsafe-go/failsafe-go

Fault tolerance and resilience patterns for Go

Language: Go - Size: 842 KB - Last synced at: 14 days ago - Pushed at: 14 days ago - Stars: 1,984 - Forks: 35

Xuanwo/backon

Make retry like a built-in feature provided by Rust.

Language: Rust - Size: 305 KB - Last synced at: 15 days ago - Pushed at: 15 days ago - Stars: 956 - Forks: 51

JustinBeckwith/retry-axios

🦖 A super flexible interceptor for Axios that makes it easy to retry requests.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 398 KB - Last synced at: 14 days ago - Pushed at: 15 days ago - Stars: 498 - Forks: 65

AiursoftWeb/Canon

Mirror of https://gitlab.aiursoft.cn/aiursoft/canon

Language: C# - Size: 149 KB - Last synced at: 14 days ago - Pushed at: 16 days ago - Stars: 2 - Forks: 0

mawngo/go-try

Simple retry helpers for go

Language: Go - Size: 30.3 KB - Last synced at: 15 days ago - Pushed at: 16 days ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

AviVahl/promise-assist

Several helper functions when working with native promises.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 509 KB - Last synced at: 15 days ago - Pushed at: 16 days ago - Stars: 5 - Forks: 1

nkuznetsov-dev/backend-patterns-go

Mini Go services showing patterns: REST, middleware, clients, jobs, websockets.

Size: 2.93 KB - Last synced at: 16 days ago - Pushed at: 17 days ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

lyndychivs/Retry

A simple library for retrying and waiting for a condition to be true

Language: C# - Size: 143 KB - Last synced at: 16 days ago - Pushed at: 17 days ago - Stars: 2 - Forks: 0

h2non/gentleman

Plugin-driven, extensible HTTP client toolkit for Go

Language: Go - Size: 256 KB - Last synced at: 8 days ago - Pushed at: almost 2 years ago - Stars: 1,116 - Forks: 56

kolan72/PoliNorError.Extensions.DependencyInjection

The PoliNorError.Extensions.DependencyInjection library extends the PoliNorError library to provide integration with Microsoft Dependency Injection.

Language: C# - Size: 39.1 KB - Last synced at: 16 days ago - Pushed at: 17 days ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

get-convex/action-retrier

Convex component for retrying idempotent actions.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 141 KB - Last synced at: 11 days ago - Pushed at: about 2 months ago - Stars: 7 - Forks: 8

dbohdan/recur

Retry a command with exponential backoff and jitter (+ Starlark expressions)

Language: Go - Size: 188 KB - Last synced at: 12 days ago - Pushed at: 18 days ago - Stars: 282 - Forks: 4

codeGROOVE-dev/retry Fork of avast/retry-go

Simple battle-hardened retry library for Go.

Language: Go - Size: 256 KB - Last synced at: 8 days ago - Pushed at: 2 months ago - Stars: 2 - Forks: 0

safwank/ElixirRetry

Simple Elixir macros for linear retry, exponential backoff and wait with composable delays

Language: Elixir - Size: 139 KB - Last synced at: 12 days ago - Pushed at: 8 months ago - Stars: 453 - Forks: 34

lifeomic/attempt

A JavaScript library that makes it easier to retry functions that return a promise

Language: TypeScript - Size: 485 KB - Last synced at: about 8 hours ago - Pushed at: over 1 year ago - Stars: 198 - Forks: 16

kolan72/PoliNorError.Extensions.Http

The library provides an outgoing request resiliency pipeline for HttpClient, using policies from the PoliNorError library.

Language: C# - Size: 369 KB - Last synced at: 17 days ago - Pushed at: 18 days ago - Stars: 1 - Forks: 0

srijs/rust-tokio-retry

Extensible, asynchronous retry behaviours for futures/tokio

Language: Rust - Size: 58.6 KB - Last synced at: 5 days ago - Pushed at: about 2 years ago - Stars: 136 - Forks: 34

ph1ps/swift-concurrency-retry

A retry algorithm for Swift Concurrency

Language: Swift - Size: 76.2 KB - Last synced at: 11 days ago - Pushed at: 7 months ago - Stars: 60 - Forks: 0

cf06yash/retrylib

A lightweight, modular Java retry framework with backoff strategies, tagging, and policy builder support.

Language: Java - Size: 21.5 KB - Last synced at: 26 days ago - Pushed at: 26 days ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

aatuh/logger

Production-ready, structured logger for Go with formats, colors, and async.

Language: Go - Size: 32.2 KB - Last synced at: 21 days ago - Pushed at: 29 days ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

vyag/sakura-retry

An elegant JVM library for transient failure handling.

Language: Kotlin - Size: 373 KB - Last synced at: 3 days ago - Pushed at: about 1 month ago - Stars: 1 - Forks: 0

hueristiq/hq-go-retrier

A Go (Golang) package for managing retries for operations that might temporarily fail, such as network requests, database queries, or external API calls e.t.c.

Language: Go - Size: 114 KB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: about 1 month ago - Stars: 3 - Forks: 0

sha1n/about-time

A set of essential time related utilities

Language: TypeScript - Size: 1.92 MB - Last synced at: 30 days ago - Pushed at: about 1 month ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

NeaByteLab/Ollama-Native

TypeScript client library for Ollama API with retry logic, timeout management, error handling, and validation.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 192 KB - Last synced at: 27 days ago - Pushed at: about 1 month ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

NeaByteLab/Fetch

🚧 HTTP client based on the Fetch API with timeout, retries, streaming, and downloads for browser and Node.js.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 354 KB - Last synced at: about 3 hours ago - Pushed at: about 1 month ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

JBZoo/Retry Fork of stechstudio/backoff

Tiny PHP library providing retry functionality with multiple backoff strategies and jitter support

Language: PHP - Size: 86.9 KB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: about 1 month ago - Stars: 8 - Forks: 2

vcfvct/typescript-retry-decorator

lightweight typescript retry decorator with 0 dependency.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 337 KB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: over 1 year ago - Stars: 93 - Forks: 15

Amphiluke/async-aid

Utilities for working with async functions

Language: JavaScript - Size: 108 KB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: about 1 month ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

edwinhayward/robust-operation

A pragmatic, zero-dependency utility for running async operations with a robust policy for retries, per-attempt timeouts, an overall deadline, jittered backoff, and AbortSignal composition for reliable cancellation.

Language: JavaScript - Size: 17.6 KB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: about 1 month ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

adamdriscoll/pspolly

Retry, rate-limit, cache and circuit breaker cmdlets.

Language: C# - Size: 22.5 KB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: about 1 month ago - Stars: 72 - Forks: 6

mentionapp/retry

Retry is a PHP library for retrying operations with customizable backoff, jitter, and support for both synchronous and asynchronous APIs. It also allows for offline retrying and serialization.

Language: PHP - Size: 40 KB - Last synced at: 4 days ago - Pushed at: about 1 month ago - Stars: 13 - Forks: 0

litl/backoff 📦

Python library providing function decorators for configurable backoff and retry

Language: Python - Size: 248 KB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: over 1 year ago - Stars: 2,701 - Forks: 155

jcoreio/chai-wait-for

poll until an assertion succeeds

Language: TypeScript - Size: 1010 KB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: about 1 month ago - Stars: 3 - Forks: 0

akrisanov/Reliable.HttpClient

Production-ready HttpClient ecosystem: resilience patterns + intelligent caching + universal response handlers. Zero config, multiple approaches, seamless substitution.

Language: C# - Size: 319 KB - Last synced at: 6 days ago - Pushed at: about 1 month ago - Stars: 9 - Forks: 0

humppa123/resilience-typescript

resilience-typescript is a Typescript resilience and transient-fault-handling library that allows developers to add components like Timeout, Retry, Circuit Breaker, Cache, Token Cache to outgoing HTTP(S) calls, built on top of the Axios library with a fluent language. Primarly designed for backend service to service communication.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 895 KB - Last synced at: 14 days ago - Pushed at: about 2 years ago - Stars: 11 - Forks: 2

h2non/toxy 📦

Hackable HTTP proxy for resiliency testing and simulated network conditions

Language: JavaScript - Size: 301 KB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: over 3 years ago - Stars: 2,726 - Forks: 82

dPaskhin/unique

Ensures unique values by rejecting duplicates.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 88.9 KB - Last synced at: 28 days ago - Pushed at: 12 months ago - Stars: 5 - Forks: 0

simwai/utils

Just another logger and retry util library

Language: TypeScript - Size: 1.46 MB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: about 1 month ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

Censkh/api-def

Typed APIs with middleware support

Language: TypeScript - Size: 2.5 MB - Last synced at: 10 days ago - Pushed at: about 1 month ago - Stars: 1 - Forks: 1

hamba/testutils

A collection of Go testing utilities

Language: Go - Size: 82 KB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: about 1 month ago - Stars: 1 - Forks: 1

octokit/octopoller.rb

A micro gem for polling and retrying. Perfect for making repeating requests.

Language: Ruby - Size: 85.9 KB - Last synced at: 3 days ago - Pushed at: about 2 months ago - Stars: 50 - Forks: 5

shahradelahi/axios-overdose

Language: TypeScript - Size: 27.3 KB - Last synced at: 1 day ago - Pushed at: 1 day ago - Stars: 37 - Forks: 1

3g0r/rxjs-exponential-backoff-retry

Exponential backoff retry rof RxJs

Language: TypeScript - Size: 158 KB - Last synced at: 4 days ago - Pushed at: over 3 years ago - Stars: 7 - Forks: 1

aizuda/snail-job

🔥🔥🔥 灵活，可靠和快速的分布式任务重试和分布式任务调度平台

Language: Java - Size: 53 MB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: about 2 months ago - Stars: 694 - Forks: 93

devraulczr/Reliable.HttpClient

🌐 Enhance your applications with Reliable.HttpClient for robust, efficient HTTP requests and seamless caching solutions.

Language: C# - Size: 122 KB - Last synced at: about 2 months ago - Pushed at: about 2 months ago - Stars: 2 - Forks: 0

marsolab/servekit

A set of reusable components to speedup day-to-day development of HTTP and gRPC APIs.

Language: Go - Size: 284 KB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: about 1 month ago - Stars: 3 - Forks: 0

cachix/stamina.hs

Retrying for humans using Haskell.

Language: Haskell - Size: 37.1 KB - Last synced at: 13 days ago - Pushed at: over 1 year ago - Stars: 49 - Forks: 1

yevtyushkin/backoff-config

Flexible Backoff Configuration In Rust

Language: Rust - Size: 129 KB - Last synced at: 7 days ago - Pushed at: 13 days ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

softprops/again

♻️ Retry faillible Rustlang std library futures

Language: Rust - Size: 797 KB - Last synced at: 16 days ago - Pushed at: over 1 year ago - Stars: 60 - Forks: 17

sgaunet/retry

simple and flexible command-line tool that retries a given command until it succeeds or a maximum number of attempts is reached. Ideal for automating workflows, handling flaky commands in CI/CD pipelines, and improving reliability in development and testing environments.

Language: Go - Size: 756 KB - Last synced at: about 2 months ago - Pushed at: about 2 months ago - Stars: 1 - Forks: 0

homeport/retry

Tool to retry a command in case it fails

Language: Go - Size: 284 KB - Last synced at: about 2 months ago - Pushed at: about 2 months ago - Stars: 3 - Forks: 0

samber/go-tcp-pool

✨ Drop-in replacement to net.Conn with pooling and auto-reconnect

Language: Go - Size: 35.2 KB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: 2 months ago - Stars: 17 - Forks: 0

fumoboy007/swift-retry

Retries in Swift with sensible defaults and powerful flexibility.

Language: Swift - Size: 84 KB - Last synced at: 12 days ago - Pushed at: over 1 year ago - Stars: 135 - Forks: 2

Anvil/kaioretry

My Own Attempt at Retry decorator

Language: Python - Size: 310 KB - Last synced at: about 2 months ago - Pushed at: about 2 months ago - Stars: 2 - Forks: 0

samber/go-amqp-pubsub

Fault tolerant Pub/Sub library for RabbitMQ

Language: Go - Size: 655 KB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: 2 months ago - Stars: 24 - Forks: 0

PuerkitoBio/rehttp

Package rehttp implements a Go HTTP transport that handles retries.

Language: Go - Size: 84 KB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: over 1 year ago - Stars: 221 - Forks: 17

raceychan/premier

A Flexible, Lightweight API-Gateway written in python that can be used as an ASGI middleware, app, or decorators.

Language: Python - Size: 1.45 MB - Last synced at: about 2 months ago - Pushed at: 4 months ago - Stars: 48 - Forks: 3

JustAzul/steam-inventory-loader

A contemporary inventory loader for Steam, equipped with an integrated error retry system, request delay functionality, support for proxy URLs, and memory-efficient design.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 1.35 MB - Last synced at: about 16 hours ago - Pushed at: 4 days ago - Stars: 5 - Forks: 5

bi0dread/flowm

work flow in memory

Language: Go - Size: 14.6 KB - Last synced at: 2 months ago - Pushed at: 2 months ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

hyp3rd/go-again

`go-again` is an high-performance and thread-safe retry library with fine-grained access to the configuration options.

Language: Go - Size: 108 KB - Last synced at: 2 months ago - Pushed at: 2 months ago - Stars: 3 - Forks: 0

daisugiland/daisugi

🌿 Daisugi monorepo of TypeScript/ESM projects for building composable applications.

Language: TypeScript - Size: 6.92 MB - Last synced at: 17 days ago - Pushed at: 7 months ago - Stars: 21 - Forks: 6

GeorgII-web/Retry

A PHP package to wrap any piece of code with a retry algorithm

Language: PHP - Size: 48.8 KB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: 2 months ago - Stars: 1 - Forks: 0

hyp3rd/ewrap

A sophisticated, configurable error wrapper for Go applications that provides: Stack trace capture Error wrapping with context, Metadata attachment, Logger integration, Compatibility with Go 1.13+ error chains, Rich error information for debugging, Thread-safe operations.

Language: Go - Size: 1.21 MB - Last synced at: about 1 month ago - Pushed at: 2 months ago - Stars: 1 - Forks: 0

trixxmanaty/extract-urls-to-file

This project contains a Python script to extract all unique absolute URLs from a webpage and write them into a text file. This can be useful for indexing purposes.

Language: Python - Size: 8.79 KB - Last synced at: 3 months ago - Pushed at: 3 months ago - Stars: 0 - Forks: 0

genesys/mollitia

JavaScript Resilience Library

Language: TypeScript - Size: 8.58 MB - Last synced at: 14 days ago - Pushed at: 7 months ago - Stars: 61 - Forks: 7

esastack/esa-restclient

An asynchronous event-driven HTTP client based on netty.

Language: Java - Size: 5.61 MB - Last synced at: 2 months ago - Pushed at: over 3 years ago - Stars: 84 - Forks: 23

elennick/retry4j 📦

Lightweight Java library for retrying unreliable logic - DEPRECATED

Language: Java - Size: 287 KB - Last synced at: 30 days ago - Pushed at: over 2 years ago - Stars: 206 - Forks: 27