causal-design 2 causal-framework 2 causal-inference 2 causal-methodology 2 experimental-design 2 fundamental-problem-of-causal-inference 2 large-language-model 2 natural-language-processing 2 parallel-worlds-estimation 2 political-methodology 2 political-science 2 potential-outcomes-framework 2 quantitative-social-science 2 scf 2 sct 2 simulated-units 2 synthetic-causal-framework 2 synthetic-units 2 synthetically-controlled-trial 2 welfare-attitudes 2